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Mycopathologia2019; 185(1); 113-122; doi: 10.1007/s11046-019-00344-9

Polyphasic Discrimination of Trichophyton tonsurans and T. equinum from Humans and Horses.

Abstract: The anthropophilic dermatophyte Trichophyton tonsurans and its zoophilic counterpart T. equinum are phylogenetically closely related. The barcoding marker rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) shows limited variation between these two species. In the current study, we combined molecular approaches with phenotypic data to determine the species boundaries between T. tonsurans (n = 52) and T. equinum (n = 15) strains originating from humans (n = 40), horses (n = 26), and a mouse (n = 1). Culture characteristics and physiology on Trichophyton agar media 1 and 5 were evaluated. Multi-locus sequencing involving ITS, partial large rDNA subunit (LSU), β-tubulin (TUB), 60S ribosomal protein (RPB), and translation elongation factor-3 (TEF3) genes, and the mating-type (MAT) locus was performed. Amplified fragment length polymorphism data were added. None of the test results showed complete mutual correspondence. With the exception of strains from New Zealand, strains of equine origin required niacin for growth, whereas most strains from human origin did not show this dependence. It is concluded that T. tonsurans and T. equinum incompletely diverged from a common lineage relatively recently. MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 are the main distinguishing genes between the two species.
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Publication Date: 2019-07-05 PubMed ID: 31278475DOI: 10.1007/s11046-019-00344-9Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research focuses on the differences and commonalities between the two closely related species: Trichophyton tonsurans (more common in humans) and Trichophyton equinum (more common in horses). Using genetic sequencing and analysis of growth characteristics, the study attempts to identify unique features that can help differentiate these species, but concludes that the two species share a recent common lineage, with some genes identified as the main distinguishing factors.

Species and Origin

  • The study involves two species: Trichophyton tonsurans found mostly in humans (40 samples) and Trichophyton equinum found mostly in horses (26 samples). Overall, they examined 52 T. tonsurans and 15 T. equinum strains.
  • These two species of fungi are closely related and difficult to distinguish because the barcoding marker rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) shows limited variation between them.

Molecular and Phenotypic Approaches

  • The researchers used a combination of molecular (genetic) and phenotypic (observable) approaches to understand the differences and similarities between the two species, and to discover any species-specific characteristics.
  • They assessed the culture characteristics and physiology of the strains when grown on specific agar media (Trichophyton agar media 1 and 5).

Genetic Sequencing

  • Genetic sequencing and analysis were conducted on several genes: ITS, partial large rDNA subunit (LSU), β-tubulin (TUB), 60S ribosomal protein (RPB), and translation elongation factor-3 (TEF3).
  • The study also examined the mating-type (MAT) locus, which plays a crucial role in determining sexual reproduction in fungi.
  • Amplified fragment length polymorphism data was also included in the analysis.

Findings and Implications

  • One observable difference was that strains of T. equinum, particularly those from horses, required niacin (a type of Vitamin B) for growth. In contrast, most T. tonsurans strains from humans did not demonstrate this dependence.
  • However, overall the data indicated that there were no complete mutual correspondences; there was not one definitive characteristic or gene that could be used to differentiate the two species.
  • The study concluded that the two species likely diverged from a common lineage relatively recently. The main distinguishing factors between the species were the MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 genes.

Cite This Article

APA
Kandemir H, Dukik K, Hagen F, Ilkit M, Gräser Y, de Hoog GS. (2019). Polyphasic Discrimination of Trichophyton tonsurans and T. equinum from Humans and Horses. Mycopathologia, 185(1), 113-122. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-019-00344-9

Publication

Mycopathologia
ISSN: 1573-0832
NlmUniqueID: 7505689
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 185
Issue: 1
Pages: 113-122

Researcher Affiliations

Kandemir, Hazal
  • Division of Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Çukurova, Adana, Turkey.
  • Centre of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Centre/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Dukik, Karolina
  • Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Hagen, Ferry
  • Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
Ilkit, Macit
  • Division of Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Çukurova, Adana, Turkey. milkit@cu.edu.tr.
Gräser, Yvonne
  • Institute für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie der Charité, Berlin, Germany.
de Hoog, G Sybren
  • Centre of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Centre/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. s.hoog@westerdijkinstitute.nl.
  • Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands. s.hoog@westerdijkinstitute.nl.

MeSH Terms

  • Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis
  • Animals
  • Biodiversity
  • DNA, Ribosomal / genetics
  • Genes, Mating Type, Fungal / genetics
  • Genes, Mating Type, Fungal / physiology
  • Horses
  • Humans
  • Mice
  • Multilocus Sequence Typing
  • Trichophyton / classification
  • Trichophyton / genetics

Grant Funding

  • FEMS-RG-2016-0067 / Federation of European Microbiological Societies (GB)

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Citations

This article has been cited 18 times.
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