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Genome biology and evolution2015; 8(1); 42-50; doi: 10.1093/gbe/evv245

Population Variation Reveals Independent Selection toward Small Body Size in Chinese Debao Pony.

Abstract: Body size, one of the most important quantitative traits under evolutionary scrutiny, varies considerably among species and among populations within species. Revealing the genetic basis underlying this variation is very important, particularly in humans where there is a close relationship with diseases and in domestic animals as the selective patterns are associated with improvements in production traits. The Debao pony is a horse breed with small body size that is unique to China; however, it is unknown whether the size-related candidate genes identified in Western breeds also account for the small body size of the Debao pony. Here, we compared individual horses from the Debao population with other two Chinese horse populations using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified with the Equine SNP 65 Bead Chip. The previously reported size-related candidate gene HMGA2 showed a significant signature for selection, consistent with its role observed in human populations. More interestingly, we found a candidate gene TBX3, which had not been observed in previous studies on horse body size that displayed the highest differentiation and most significant association, and thus likely is the dominating factor for the small stature of the Debao pony. Further comparison between the Debao pony and other breeds of horses from around the world demonstrated that TBX3 was selected independently in the Debao pony, suggesting that there were multiple origins of small stature in the horse.
© The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.
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Publication Date: 2015-12-03 PubMed ID: 26637467PubMed Central: PMC4758242DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evv245Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article describes how the small body size of the Chinese Debao pony might not be due to the same genes that determine size in Western breeds. The paper highlights the significance of the candidate gene, TBX3, in determining the size of the Debao pony which has not been observed in previous studies.

Investigating Body Size Variations in Horse Breeds

  • The study focused primarily on the body size of the Debao pony, a uniquely small breed of horse found in China. The genetic factors influencing its size were under question, and if these were the same as those found to be influential in Western horse breeds.
  • Body size is a significant trait that is under continual evolution across species and within populations of the same species. Understanding the genetic basis of these variations is important, especially in humans due to its close relation with various diseases, and in domestic animals for improvements in production traits.

The Role of SNP Analysis and Candidate Genes

  • In the attempt to identify the chief genetic influencers of the Debao pony’s small size, individual horses from this population were compared to two other Chinese horse populations using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs). These SNPs were identified using the Equine SNP 65 Bead Chip.
  • The research focused on the HMGA2 gene, previously reported as a size-related candidate gene. It was found to show a significant signature for selection, echoing its role in human populations.
  • The most significant finding was the candidate gene TBX3, which displayed the highest differentiation and association, leading researchers to believe that it could be the dominant genetic factor causing the small stature of the Debao pony.

The Independent Selection of TBX3 in the Debao Pony

  • Comparisons between Debao pony and other horse breeds worldwide revealed that TBX3 was selected independently in the Debao Pony – suggesting multiple origins of small stature in horses.
  • This contradicts previous perceptions that similar physical traits in animals of the same species (in this case, horses) were regulated by the same genes, regardless of their geographical origins.

Cite This Article

APA
Kader A, Li Y, Dong K, Irwin DM, Zhao Q, He X, Liu J, Pu Y, Gorkhali NA, Liu X, Jiang L, Li X, Guan W, Zhang Y, Wu DD, Ma Y. (2015). Population Variation Reveals Independent Selection toward Small Body Size in Chinese Debao Pony. Genome Biol Evol, 8(1), 42-50. https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evv245

Publication

Genome biology and evolution
ISSN: 1759-6653
NlmUniqueID: 101509707
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 8
Issue: 1
Pages: 42-50

Researcher Affiliations

Kader, Adiljan
  • Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
Li, Yan
  • State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
Dong, Kunzhe
  • Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
Irwin, David M
  • Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Zhao, Qianjun
  • Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
He, Xiaohong
  • Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
Liu, Jianfeng
  • College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Pu, Yabin
  • Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
Gorkhali, Neena Amatya
  • Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
Liu, Xuexue
  • Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
Jiang, Lin
  • Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
Li, Xiangchen
  • Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
Guan, Weijun
  • Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
Zhang, Yaping
  • State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
Wu, Dong-Dong
  • State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China wudongdong@mail.kiz.ac.cn mayuehui@caas.cn.
Ma, Yuehui
  • Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China wudongdong@mail.kiz.ac.cn mayuehui@caas.cn.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Body Size / genetics
  • HMGA2 Protein / genetics
  • Horses / genetics
  • Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
  • Selection, Genetic
  • T-Box Domain Proteins / genetics

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