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Equine veterinary journal2021; 53(6); 1218-1226; doi: 10.1111/evj.13412

Practical protocols for timed artificial insemination of jennies using cooled or frozen donkey semen.

Abstract: With the expansion of the donkey industry, timed artificial insemination (TAI) is becoming increasingly important in the reproductive management of jennies, however, TAI has not been widely investigated in donkeys. Objective: To develop efficient TAI protocols for cooled or frozen semen in jennies, based around ovulation induction with a GnRH analogue. Methods: Experimental exploratory study. Results: In experiment 1, the effects of different GnRH analogue (deslorelin) doses, follicle diameter (FD) at induction, repeated use of a GnRH analogue, and the influence of season on induction efficiency, as well as distribution of ovulations over time after induction were investigated. Induction efficiency was sufficient with 2.2 mg deslorelin (≥90% ovulation within 48 hours of treatment). Ovulation rate between 24 and 48 hours was highest when the FD at treatment was 31-35 mm, as compared to 25-30 mm or 36-40 mm. Repeated use of deslorelin or treatment during different seasons had no effect on induction efficiency. About 70% of ovulations occurred between 32 and 48 hours, and highest incidence of ovulation was at 36-38 hours after induction. In experiment 2, TAI using cooled semen (1 × 109 motile sperm in a 10 mL volume) was performed once at 8 hours after induction (n = 59). Pregnancy rate after TAI with cooled semen was 49.2% (29/59). In experiment 3, jennies were inseminated twice with 10 (n = 23), 5 (n = 31), 3 (n = 32), 2 (n = 82) and 1 (n = 66) straws (more than 50 × 106 motile spermatozoa in each 0.5 mL straw) of frozen semen at 34 and 42 hours after induction. The pregnancy rates were 30.4%, 35.5%, 34.4%, 29.3% and 28.8%, respectively (P > 0.05). Conclusions: In the frozen semen trial, 22.5% (68/302) jennies were excluded after failure to ovulate during the appropriate time interval. In addition, there were no control groups for the AI trials. Conclusions: When FD reaches 31-35 mm, a donkey jenny can be inseminated once using cooled semen at 8 hours or twice using frozen semen at 34 and 42 hours after deslorelin treatment. The frozen semen TAI protocol resulted in acceptable pregnancy rates using 1 × 108 motile spermatozoa per cycle.
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Publication Date: 2021-01-19 PubMed ID: 33368497DOI: 10.1111/evj.13412Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Clinical Trial
  • Veterinary
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study aims to develop efficient methodologies for timed artificial insemination (TAI) in donkeys using either cooled or frozen semen, focusing on ovulation induction with a GnRH analogue called deslorelin. The research found that ovulation induction was effective with 2.2 mg of deslorelin and optimal when the follicle diameter (FD) was 31-35 mm at the time of treatment. The study also found no significant variation in induction efficiency due to repeated use of deslorelin or different seasons. Effective insemination times and the success rate of pregnancies were also analyzed.

Ovulation Induction Studies

  • In this study, the researchers first investigated various elements of ovulation induction. This included testing different doses of a GnRH analogue (deslorelin), measuring the follicle diameter at induction, observing the effects of repeated usage of the GnRH analogue, and assessing any influence of different seasons on the induction efficiency. The results showed that the desired ovulation could be achieved within 48 hours using a 2.2 mg dosage of deslorelin.

Optimal Follicle Diameter

  • The study found that the ovulation rate between 24 and 48 hours was at its highest when the follicle diameter at the time of treatment was between 31-35 mm, in comparison to measurements of 25-30 mm or 36-40 mm. This suggests an optimal follicle size and timing for ovulation induction.

Adverse Effects of Repeated Usage and Seasonal Differences

  • The data showed that repeated use of deslorelin or conducting treatment in different seasons had no adverse effect on the efficiency of ovulation induction. This means that the treatment could potentially be used consistently throughout the year without variations in results.

Timing of Ovulations and Insemination Schedules

  • It was found that about 70% of ovulations occurred between 32 to 48 hours after induction, with the highest incidence happening 36-38 hours post induction. In terms of insemination, cooled semen was used once at 8 hours following induction which resulted in a pregnancy rate of 49.2%. Frozen semen was used twice at 34 and 42 hours after induction, with varying pregnancy rates based on the number of straws used.

Outcomes and Conclusions

  • The final conclusion of the research is that when follicle size reaches 31-35 mm, a donkey can be inseminated once using cooled semen at 8 hours or twice using frozen semen at 34 and 42 hours after deslorelin treatment. The frozen semen protocol resulted in acceptable pregnancy rates with one spermatozoon per cycle.

Cite This Article

APA
Yang F, Li N, Liu B, Yu J, Wu S, Zhang R, Yang W, Ji C, Sun Q, Ma J, Li M, Zhou J, Zhou X, Pietrani M, Losinno L, Zeng S. (2021). Practical protocols for timed artificial insemination of jennies using cooled or frozen donkey semen. Equine Vet J, 53(6), 1218-1226. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13412

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 53
Issue: 6
Pages: 1218-1226

Researcher Affiliations

Yang, Feng
  • National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Li, Nan
  • National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Liu, Bing
  • National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Done-E Country, China.
Yu, Jie
  • National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Done-E Country, China.
Wu, Shuaishuai
  • National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
  • National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Done-E Country, China.
Zhang, Ruitao
  • National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Done-E Country, China.
Yang, Weigang
  • National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Ji, Chuanliang
  • National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Done-E Country, China.
Sun, Qianqian
  • National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Done-E Country, China.
Ma, Jinliang
  • College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China.
Li, Min
  • National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Done-E Country, China.
Zhou, Jingqian
  • College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China.
Zhou, Xiangshan
  • National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Done-E Country, China.
Pietrani, Melina
  • Laboratory of equine Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, National University of Rio Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, Argentina.
Losinno, Luis
  • Laboratory of equine Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, National University of Rio Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, Argentina.
Zeng, Shenming
  • National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Equidae
  • Female
  • Insemination, Artificial / veterinary
  • Male
  • Pregnancy
  • Pregnancy Rate
  • Semen
  • Semen Preservation / veterinary

Grant Funding

  • 201605410411137 / Dong E black donkey semen quality and insemination technology upgrading project

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Guo Y, Zhao W, Li N, Dai S, Wu H, Wu Z, Zeng S. Integration analysis of metabolome and transcriptome reveals the effect of exogenous supplementation with mixtures of vitamins ADE, zinc, and selenium on follicular growth and granulosa cells molecular metabolism in donkeys (Equus asinus). Front Vet Sci 2022;9:993426.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.993426pubmed: 36387403google scholar: lookup
  2. Gobato MLM, Segabinazzi LGTM, Scheeren VFC, Bandeira RS, Freitas-Dell'Aqua CP, Dell'Aqua JA Jr, Papa FO. Ability of donkey sperm to tolerate cooling: Effect of extender base and removal of seminal plasma on sperm parameters and fertility rates in mares. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:1011899.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1011899pubmed: 36225802google scholar: lookup
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