Prevalence factors associated with equine herpesvirus type 1 infection in equids with upper respiratory tract infection and/or acute onset of neurological signs from 2008 to 2014.
Abstract: The objective of the present case-control study was to determine prevalence factors associated with the detection of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in horses presented to veterinarians with clinical signs related to an upper respiratory tract infection and/or acute onset of neurological disease from March 2008 to December 2014. Nasal secretions and whole blood from 4228 equids with acute onset of fever, respiratory signs and/or neurological deficits were tested by qPCR for EHV-1. Categorical analyses were performed to determine the association between observations and EHV-1. A total of 117/4228 (2.7 per cent) equids tested qPCR-positive for EHV-1, with most of the isolates belonging to the non-neuropathogenic genotype (N752). EHV-1 PCR-positive equids were over-represented in racing horses. Depression, anorexia, nasal discharge and coughing were significantly less frequently reported in the EHV-1 qPCR-positive equids compared with the EHV-1 qPCR-negative cases. Neurological deficits were more frequently reported in the EHV-1 qPCR-positive cases. This study provides contemporary information on the frequency of EHV-1 detection by qPCR in blood and nasal secretions from horses with fever, respiratory signs and neurological deficits.
British Veterinary Association.
Publication Date: 2015-11-25 PubMed ID: 26607427DOI: 10.1136/vr.103424Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research look into the occurrence factors linked to equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) in horses showing clinical complications relating to upper respiratory tract infection or sudden onset of neurological ailments. The study covers a period of March 2008 to December 2014.
Objective of the Study
- The aim of this research was to discern prevalence factors linked with EHV-1 detection. It was focused on horses with signs related to an upper respiratory tract infection or showing sudden neurological symptoms. The detection utilized in this case was through quantitative PCR (qPCR).
Methodology and Samples
- The study tested nasal secretions and whole blood from 4228 horses with symptoms such as sudden fever, respiratory issues, or neurological deficits for EHV-1 using qPCR. The period covered was between March 2008 and December 2014.
Analysis of Findings
- Categorical evaluations were conducted to establish the relation between the findings and EHV-1.
Results of the Study
- Out of the 4228 tested horses, 117 (2.7%) were qPCR-positive for EHV-1. Among the isolates, most belonged to the non-neuropathogenic genotype (N752).
- The study also found that EHV-1 qPCR-positive horses were over-represented among racing horses.
- Depression, lack of appetite, nasal discharge, and coughing were found to be significantly less reported in EHV-1 qPCR-positive horses as compared to EHV-1 qPCR-negative cases.
- Moreover, neurological deficits were more commonly found in EHV-1 qPCR-positive horses.
Significance of the Study
- This research contributes new, significant information regarding the prevalence of EHV-1 qPCR detection in blood and nasal secretions of horses exhibiting symptoms of fever, respiratory diseases, and neurological shortcomings.
Cite This Article
APA
Pusterla N, Mapes S, Akana N, Barnett C, MacKenzie C, Gaughan E, Craig B, Chappell D, Vaala W.
(2015).
Prevalence factors associated with equine herpesvirus type 1 infection in equids with upper respiratory tract infection and/or acute onset of neurological signs from 2008 to 2014.
Vet Rec, 178(3), 70.
https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.103424 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
- Merck Animal Health, Summit, NJ, USA.
- Merck Animal Health, Summit, NJ, USA.
- Merck Animal Health, Summit, NJ, USA.
- Merck Animal Health, Summit, NJ, USA.
- Merck Animal Health, Summit, NJ, USA.
- Merck Animal Health, Summit, NJ, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Acute Disease
- Animals
- Case-Control Studies
- Herpesviridae Infections / epidemiology
- Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
- Herpesviridae Infections / virology
- Herpesvirus 1, Equid / genetics
- Herpesvirus 1, Equid / isolation & purification
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses
- Nervous System Diseases / epidemiology
- Nervous System Diseases / veterinary
- Nervous System Diseases / virology
- Prevalence
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
- Respiratory Tract Infections / epidemiology
- Respiratory Tract Infections / veterinary
- Respiratory Tract Infections / virology
- Risk Factors
Citations
This article has been cited 10 times.- Carvelli A, Nielsen SS, Paillot R, Broglia A, Kohnle L. Clinical impact, diagnosis and control of Equine Herpesvirus-1 infection in Europe.. EFSA J 2022 Apr;20(4):e07230.
- Mureşan A, Mureşan C, Siteavu M, Avram E, Bochynska D, Taulescu M. An Outbreak of Equine Herpesvirus-4 in an Ecological Donkey Milk Farm in Romania.. Vaccines (Basel) 2022 Mar 18;10(3).
- Nielsen SS, Alvarez J, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Roberts HC, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Spoolder H, Ståhl K, Calvo AV, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Carvelli A, Paillot R, Broglia A, Kohnle L, Baldinelli F, Van der Stede Y. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): infection with Equine Herpesvirus-1.. EFSA J 2022 Jan;20(1):e07036.
- Warda FF, Ahmed HES, Shafik NG, Mikhael CA, Abd-ElAziz HMG, Mohammed WA, Shosha EA. Application of equine herpesvirus-1 vaccine inactivated by both formaldehyde and binary ethylenimine in equine.. Vet World 2021 Jul;14(7):1815-1821.
- Laval K, Poelaert KCK, Van Cleemput J, Zhao J, Vandekerckhove AP, Gryspeerdt AC, Garré B, van der Meulen K, Baghi HB, Dubale HN, Zarak I, Van Crombrugge E, Nauwynck HJ. The Pathogenesis and Immune Evasive Mechanisms of Equine Herpesvirus Type 1.. Front Microbiol 2021;12:662686.
- Câmara RJF, Bueno BL, Resende CF, Balasuriya UBR, Sakamoto SM, Reis JKPD. Viral Diseases that Affect Donkeys and Mules.. Animals (Basel) 2020 Nov 25;10(12).
- Couetil L, Cardwell JM, Leguillette R, Mazan M, Richard E, Bienzle D, Bullone M, Gerber V, Ivester K, Lavoie JP, Martin J, Moran G, Niedźwiedź A, Pusterla N, Swiderski C. Equine Asthma: Current Understanding and Future Directions.. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:450.
- Schnabel CL, Babasyan S, Rollins A, Freer H, Wimer CL, Perkins GA, Raza F, Osterrieder N, Wagner B. An Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 (EHV-1) Ab4 Open Reading Frame 2 Deletion Mutant Provides Immunity and Protection from EHV-1 Infection and Disease.. J Virol 2019 Nov 15;93(22).
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