Prevalence of anti-N. caninum and anti-N. hughesi antibodies in horses and associated risk factors in two selected equine zones of Punjab, Pakistan.

The study focuses on determining the extent of presence and risk factors associated with anti-Neospora antibodies in horses in two regions of Punjab, Pakistan. The research indicates that horses in these regions are susceptible to protozoan parasite infections which can negatively affect their reproduction.

Study design and objectives

• The objective of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of anti-Neospora caninum and anti-Neospora hughesi antibodies in horses.
• The other significant component was to evaluate the risk factors associated with these antibody presences in two core districts (Jhang and Toba Tek Singh) in Punjab Province, Pakistan.

Methods of research

• The researchers utilized a total of 300 horse sera to detect the presence of Neospora spp. antibodies through a competitive ELISA process.

Key findings

• The research found that overall, the presence of Neospora species antibodies in horses was 25%
• The prevalence of antibodies to Neospora caninum and Neospora hughesi species was 12.3% and 19.3%, respectively.
• Of the total sera samples, 6.7% were tested positive for both Neospora species.

Risk factors contributing to Neospora seropositivity in horses

• The study determined that age, a history of reproductive complications in mares, existence of dogs on the farm, and regular deworming practices were major contributors to Neospora seropositivity in horses.
• The pregnancy status of mares was identified as a significant risk factor, particularly for Neospora caninum, as indicated by the odds ratio.
• No potential risk was found in relation to the gender of the animals.

Implications of research

• The research indicates that horses in these regions of Pakistan are prone to protozoan parasite infection.
• This infection carries the potential to negatively influence the horses’ reproductive performance, suggesting the need for effective diagnostic and preventative measures.