FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Archives of virology1996; 141(6); 1077-1089; doi: 10.1007/BF01718611

Prevalence of G and P serotypes among equine rotaviruses in the faeces of diarrhoeic foals.

Abstract: Variant types of VP4 and VP7 gene segments of faecal rotaviruses from diarrhoeic foals were identified by restriction endonuclease digestion of reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR) products. The variants observed were correlated with serotypes by determination of the sequence of representative RT/PCR products (entire coding sequence for VP7 and the VP8 region of VP4) and comparison to published sequences of equine G and P serotype genes. Both G and P serotypes could be predicted for 95/116 (82%) strains, P serotype only for a further 8 (7%) strains and G serotype only for 1 (1%) strain. All characterised strains belonged to the same P serotype, P12, although minor sequence variations were observed. Of those strains able to be assigned to G serotypes, 84/96 (87.5%) belonged to serotype G3A, and 12/96 (12.5%) belonged to serotype G14. Comparison of G serotyping by ELISA to the RT/PCR method showed that serotyping equine rotaviruses by currently available ELISA methods was prone to error. This study establishes the restricted serotypic diversity of equine rotaviruses, and the significance of serotype G14.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 1996-01-01 PubMed ID: 8712925DOI: 10.1007/BF01718611Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research explores the prevalence of G and P serotypes among rotaviruses in the faeces of horses with diarrhoea. The study identifies the types of variant segments of the rotavirus genes in these samples, finding a limited diversity of serotypes, with a significant prevalence of serotype G14.

Methodology

  • The researchers identified variant types of VP4 and VP7 gene segments of faecal rotaviruses found in diarrhoeic foals. They used restriction endonuclease digestion of reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR) products to do so.
  • The observed variants were then correlated with specific serotypes by determining the sequence of representative RT/PCR products. Specifically, they examined the entire coding sequence for VP7 and the VP8 region of VP4.
  • They compared these sequences to published sequences of equine G and P serotype genes to establish the serotype of the observed variants.

Findings

  • For a majority of the strains (82%), they could predict both G and P serotypes. For a further 7% of the strains, only the P serotype could be identified, and for just 1% of the strains, only the G serotype could be discerned.
  • All the characterised strains belonged to the P serotype P12, although there were minor sequence variations observed within this serotype.
  • Of those strains for which G serotypes could be assigned, 87.5% belonged to serotype G3A, and 12.5% belonged to serotype G14.

Comparative Analysis of Serotyping Methods

  • A comparison was carried out between G serotyping performed via ELISA to that conducted with the RT/PCR method.
  • The results indicated that serotyping equine rotaviruses using currently available ELISA methods was prone to errors.

Conclusion

  • This study provides crucial insight into the constrained serotypic diversity among equine rotaviruses.
  • It highlights the significance of serotype G14, suggested by its higher prevalence among the studied strains.

Cite This Article

APA
Browning GF, Begg AP. (1996). Prevalence of G and P serotypes among equine rotaviruses in the faeces of diarrhoeic foals. Arch Virol, 141(6), 1077-1089. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01718611

Publication

Archives of virology
ISSN: 0304-8608
NlmUniqueID: 7506870
Country: Austria
Language: English
Volume: 141
Issue: 6
Pages: 1077-1089

Researcher Affiliations

Browning, G F
  • Veterinary Preclinical Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Begg, A P

    MeSH Terms

    • Amino Acid Sequence
    • Animals
    • Antibodies, Viral / immunology
    • Antigens, Viral
    • Base Sequence
    • Capsid / genetics
    • Capsid / immunology
    • Capsid Proteins
    • DNA, Viral
    • Diarrhea / veterinary
    • Diarrhea / virology
    • Feces / virology
    • Genetic Variation
    • Horses
    • Molecular Sequence Data
    • Polymerase Chain Reaction
    • Restriction Mapping
    • Rotavirus / classification
    • Rotavirus / genetics
    • Rotavirus / isolation & purification
    • Rotavirus Infections / veterinary
    • Rotavirus Infections / virology
    • Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
    • Serotyping

    References

    This article includes 55 references
    1. Noel JS, Beards GM, Cubitt WD. Epidemiological survey of human rotavirus serotypes and electropherotypes in young children admitted to two children's hospitals in northeast London from 1984 to 1990.. J Clin Microbiol 1991 Oct;29(10):2213-9.
      pubmed: 1658035doi: 10.1128/jcm.29.10.2213-2219.1991google scholar: lookup
    2. Taniguchi K, Urasawa T, Urasawa S. Species specificity and interspecies relatedness in VP4 genotypes demonstrated by VP4 sequence analysis of equine, feline, and canine rotavirus strains.. Virology 1994 May 1;200(2):390-400.
      pubmed: 8178429doi: 10.1006/viro.1994.1203google scholar: lookup
    3. Gouvea V, Santos N, Timenetsky Mdo C. Identification of bovine and porcine rotavirus G types by PCR.. J Clin Microbiol 1994 May;32(5):1338-40.
      pubmed: 8051263doi: 10.1128/jcm.32.5.1338-1340.1994google scholar: lookup
    4. Ohta C, Hoshi A, Goto H, Tsunoda N, Tagami M, Akita H. Epizootiological and virological studies of foal diarrhea associated with serotype 3 rotavirus.. Nihon Juigaku Zasshi 1990 Oct;52(5):1049-56.
      pubmed: 2177800doi: 10.1292/jvms1939.52.1049google scholar: lookup
    5. Parwani AV, Hussein HA, Rosen BI, Lucchelli A, Navarro L, Saif LJ. Characterization of field strains of group A bovine rotaviruses by using polymerase chain reaction-generated G and P type-specific cDNA probes.. J Clin Microbiol 1993 Aug;31(8):2010-5.
      pubmed: 8396583doi: 10.1128/jcm.31.8.2010-2015.1993google scholar: lookup
    6. Takagi M, Taniguchi K, Urasawa T, Urasawa S, Shirahata T, Goto H. Characterization of a G14 equine rotavirus (strain CH3) isolated in Japan.. Arch Virol 1994;139(1-2):209-15.
      pubmed: 7826211doi: 10.1007/BF01309466google scholar: lookup
    7. Browning GF, Chalmers RM, Fitzgerald TA, Snodgrass DR. Serological and genomic characterization of L338, a novel equine group A rotavirus G serotype.. J Gen Virol 1991 May;72 ( Pt 5):1059-64.
      pubmed: 1851806doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-72-5-1059google scholar: lookup
    8. Pongsuwanna Y, Taniguchi K, Wakasugi F, Sutivijit Y, Chiwakul M, Warachit P, Jayavasu C, Urasawa S. Distinct yearly change of serotype distribution of human rotavirus in Thailand as determined by ELISA and PCR.. Epidemiol Infect 1993 Oct;111(2):407-12.
      pubmed: 8405164doi: 10.1017/s0950268800057095google scholar: lookup
    9. Redmond DL, Inglis NF, Fitzgerald TA, Snodgrass DR, Herring AJ. A liquid-hybridization method for typing the Vp4 and Vp7 genes of bovine rotaviruses.. J Virol Methods 1992 Sep;39(1-2):165-77.
      pubmed: 1331146doi: 10.1016/0166-0934(92)90135-zgoogle scholar: lookup
    10. Browning GF, Chalmers RM, Snodgrass DR, Batt RM, Hart CA, Ormarod SE, Leadon D, Stoneham SJ, Rossdale PD. The prevalence of enteric pathogens in diarrhoeic thoroughbred foals in Britain and Ireland.. Equine Vet J 1991 Nov;23(6):405-9.
      pubmed: 1663866doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb03751.xgoogle scholar: lookup
    11. Ushijima H, Mukoyama A, Hasegawa A, Nishimura S, Konishi K, Bosu K. Serotyping of human rotaviruses in the Tokyo area (1990-1993) by enzyme immunoassay with monoclonal antibodies and by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction amplification.. J Med Virol 1994 Oct;44(2):162-5.
      pubmed: 7852956doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890440208google scholar: lookup
    12. Gerna G, Sarasini A, Arista S, di Matteo A, Giovannelli L, Parea M, Halonen P. Prevalence of human rotavirus serotypes in some European countries 1981-1988.. Scand J Infect Dis 1990;22(1):5-10.
      pubmed: 2157276doi: 10.3109/00365549009023112google scholar: lookup
    13. Wu H, Taniguchi K, Urasawa T, Urasawa S. Genomic relatedness of five equine rotavirus strains with different G serotype and P type specificities.. Res Virol 1993 Nov-Dec;144(6):455-64.
      pubmed: 8140288doi: 10.1016/s0923-2516(06)80060-9google scholar: lookup
    14. Browning GF, Fitzgerald TA, Chalmers RM, Snodgrass DR. A novel group A rotavirus G serotype: serological and genomic characterization of equine isolate FI23.. J Clin Microbiol 1991 Sep;29(9):2043-6.
      pubmed: 1663521doi: 10.1128/jcm.29.9.2043-2046.1991google scholar: lookup
    15. Hoshino Y, Wyatt RG, Greenberg HB, Kalica AR, Flores J, Kapikian AZ. Isolation, propagation, and characterization of a second equine rotavirus serotype.. Infect Immun 1983 Sep;41(3):1031-7.
      pubmed: 6309657doi: 10.1128/iai.41.3.1031-1037.1983google scholar: lookup
    16. Rosen BI, Parwani AV, Lopez S, Flores J, Saif LJ. Serotypic differentiation of rotaviruses in field samples from diarrheic pigs by using nucleic acid probes specific for porcine VP4 and human and porcine VP7 genes.. J Clin Microbiol 1994 Feb;32(2):311-7.
      pubmed: 8150940doi: 10.1128/jcm.32.2.311-317.1994google scholar: lookup
    17. Li B, Gorziglia M. VP4 serotype of the Gottfried strain of porcine rotavirus.. J Clin Microbiol 1993 Nov;31(11):3075-7.
      pubmed: 8263206doi: 10.1128/jcm.31.11.3075-3077.1993google scholar: lookup
    18. Bern C, Unicomb L, Gentsch JR, Banul N, Yunus M, Sack RB, Glass RI. Rotavirus diarrhea in Bangladeshi children: correlation of disease severity with serotypes.. J Clin Microbiol 1992 Dec;30(12):3234-8.
      pubmed: 1333490doi: 10.1128/jcm.30.12.3234-3238.1992google scholar: lookup
    19. Snodgrass DR, Hoshino Y, Fitzgerald TA, Smith M, Browning GF, Gorziglia M. Identification of four VP4 serological types (P serotypes) of bovine rotavirus using viral reassortants.. J Gen Virol 1992 Sep;73 ( Pt 9):2319-25.
      pubmed: 1328488doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-73-9-2319google scholar: lookup
    20. Hoshino Y, Wyatt RG, Greenberg HB, Kalica AR, Flores J, Kapikian AZ. Isolation and characterization of an equine rotavirus.. J Clin Microbiol 1983 Sep;18(3):585-91.
      pubmed: 6313746doi: 10.1128/jcm.18.3.585-591.1983google scholar: lookup
    21. Isa P, Snodgrass DR. Serological and genomic characterization of equine rotavirus VP4 proteins identifies three different P serotypes.. Virology 1994 Jun;201(2):364-72.
      pubmed: 7514321doi: 10.1006/viro.1994.1302google scholar: lookup
    22. Gerna G, Sears J, Hoshino Y, Steele AD, Nakagomi O, Sarasini A, Flores J. Identification of a new VP4 serotype of human rotaviruses.. Virology 1994 Apr;200(1):66-71.
      pubmed: 8128639doi: 10.1006/viro.1994.1163google scholar: lookup
    23. Hardy ME, Woode GN, Xu ZC, Williams JD, Conner ME, Dwyer RM, Powell DG. Analysis of serotypes and electropherotypes of equine rotaviruses isolated in the United States.. J Clin Microbiol 1991 May;29(5):889-93.
      pubmed: 1647407doi: 10.1128/jcm.29.5.889-893.1991google scholar: lookup
    24. Nakagomi O, Isegawa Y, Hoshino Y, Aboudy Y, Shif I, Silberstein I, Nakagomi T, Ueda S, Sears J, Flores J. A new serotype of the outer capsid protein VP4 shared by an unusual human rotavirus strain Ro1845 and canine rotaviruses.. J Gen Virol 1993 Dec;74 ( Pt 12):2771-4.
      pubmed: 8277285doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-74-12-2771google scholar: lookup
    25. Gentsch JR, Glass RI, Woods P, Gouvea V, Gorziglia M, Flores J, Das BK, Bhan MK. Identification of group A rotavirus gene 4 types by polymerase chain reaction.. J Clin Microbiol 1992 Jun;30(6):1365-73.
      pubmed: 1320625doi: 10.1128/jcm.30.6.1365-1373.1992google scholar: lookup
    26. Kaga E, Iizuka M, Nakagomi T, Nakagomi O. The distribution of G (VP7) and P (VP4) serotypes among human rotaviruses recovered from Japanese children with diarrhea.. Microbiol Immunol 1994;38(4):317-20.
      pubmed: 7935053doi: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1994.tb01784.xgoogle scholar: lookup
    27. Nishikawa K, Hoshino Y, Taniguchi K, Green KY, Greenberg HB, Kapikian AZ, Chanock RM, Gorziglia M. Rotavirus VP7 neutralization epitopes of serotype 3 strains.. Virology 1989 Aug;171(2):503-15.
      pubmed: 2474892doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(89)90620-xgoogle scholar: lookup
    28. Browning GF, Chalmers RM, Fitzgerald TA, Snodgrass DR. Evidence for two serotype G3 subtypes among equine rotaviruses.. J Clin Microbiol 1992 Feb;30(2):485-91.
      pubmed: 1371520doi: 10.1128/jcm.30.2.485-491.1992google scholar: lookup
    29. Rasool NB, Green KY, Kapikian AZ. Serotype analysis of rotaviruses from different locations in Malaysia.. J Clin Microbiol 1993 Jul;31(7):1815-9.
      pubmed: 8394376doi: 10.1128/jcm.31.7.1815-1819.1993google scholar: lookup
    30. Gómez J, Estes MK, Matson DO, Bellinzoni R, Alvarez A, Grinstein S. Serotyping of human rotaviruses in Argentina by ELISA with monoclonal antibodies.. Arch Virol 1990;112(3-4):249-59.
      pubmed: 2165768doi: 10.1007/BF01323169google scholar: lookup
    31. Gunasena S, Nakagomi O, Isegawa Y, Kaga E, Nakagomi T, Steele AD, Flores J, Ueda S. Relative frequency of VP4 gene alleles among human rotaviruses recovered over a 10-year period (1982-1991) from Japanese children with diarrhea.. J Clin Microbiol 1993 Aug;31(8):2195-7.
      pubmed: 8396591doi: 10.1128/jcm.31.8.2195-2197.1993google scholar: lookup
    32. Shaw RD, Vo PT, Offit PA, Coulson BS, Greenberg HB. Antigenic mapping of the surface proteins of rhesus rotavirus.. Virology 1986 Dec;155(2):434-51.
      pubmed: 2431540doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(86)90205-9google scholar: lookup
    33. Gouvea V, Glass RI, Woods P, Taniguchi K, Clark HF, Forrester B, Fang ZY. Polymerase chain reaction amplification and typing of rotavirus nucleic acid from stool specimens.. J Clin Microbiol 1990 Feb;28(2):276-82.
      pubmed: 2155916doi: 10.1128/jcm.28.2.276-282.1990google scholar: lookup
    34. Matsuda Y, Nakagomi O, Offit PA. Presence of three P types (VP4 serotypes) and two G types (VP7 serotypes) among bovine rotavirus strains.. Arch Virol 1990;115(3-4):199-207.
      pubmed: 2175589doi: 10.1007/BF01310530google scholar: lookup
    35. Suzuki Y, Sanekata T, Sato M, Tajima K, Matsuda Y, Nakagomi O. Relative frequencies of G (VP7) and P (VP4) serotypes determined by polymerase chain reaction assays among Japanese bovine rotaviruses isolated in cell culture.. J Clin Microbiol 1993 Nov;31(11):3046-9.
      pubmed: 8263197doi: 10.1128/jcm.31.11.3046-3049.1993google scholar: lookup
    36. Hussein HA, Parwani AV, Rosen BI, Lucchelli A, Saif LJ. Detection of rotavirus serotypes G1, G2, G3, and G11 in feces of diarrheic calves by using polymerase chain reaction-derived cDNA probes.. J Clin Microbiol 1993 Sep;31(9):2491-6.
      pubmed: 8408573doi: 10.1128/jcm.31.9.2491-2496.1993google scholar: lookup
    37. Woods PA, Gentsch J, Gouvea V, Mata L, Santosham M, Bai ZS, Urasawa S, Glass RI. Distribution of serotypes of human rotavirus in different populations.. J Clin Microbiol 1992 Apr;30(4):781-5.
      pubmed: 1315333doi: 10.1128/jcm.30.4.781-785.1992google scholar: lookup
    38. Nagesha HS, Holmes IH. Direct serotyping of porcine rotaviruses using VP7-specific monoclonal antibodies by an enzyme immunoassay.. J Med Virol 1991 Nov;35(3):206-11.
      pubmed: 1666648doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890350311google scholar: lookup
    39. Li B, Larralde G, Gorziglia M. Human rotavirus K8 strain represents a new VP4 serotype.. J Virol 1993 Jan;67(1):617-20.
      pubmed: 8380098doi: 10.1128/JVI.67.1.617-620.1993google scholar: lookup
    40. Herring AJ, Inglis NF, Ojeh CK, Snodgrass DR, Menzies JD. Rapid diagnosis of rotavirus infection by direct detection of viral nucleic acid in silver-stained polyacrylamide gels.. J Clin Microbiol 1982 Sep;16(3):473-7.
      pubmed: 6182158doi: 10.1128/jcm.16.3.473-477.1982google scholar: lookup
    41. Imagawa H, Tanaka T, Sekiguchi K, Fukunaga Y, Anzai T, Minamoto N, Kamada M. Electropherotypes, serotypes, and subgroups of equine rotaviruses isolated in Japan.. Arch Virol 1993;131(1-2):169-76.
      pubmed: 8392320doi: 10.1007/BF01379088google scholar: lookup
    42. Hoshino Y, Wyatt RG, Greenberg HB, Flores J, Kapikian AZ. Serotypic similarity and diversity of rotaviruses of mammalian and avian origin as studied by plaque-reduction neutralization.. J Infect Dis 1984 May;149(5):694-702.
      pubmed: 6202807doi: 10.1093/infdis/149.5.694google scholar: lookup
    43. Iizuka M, Chiba M, Masamune O, Gerna G, Nakagomi O. Molecular characterization of human rotavirus VP4 genes by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism assay.. Microbiol Immunol 1993;37(9):729-35.
      pubmed: 7903789doi: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1993.tb01698.xgoogle scholar: lookup
    44. Wu H, Taniguchi K, Wakasugi F, Ukae S, Chiba S, Ohseto M, Hasegawa A, Urasawa T, Urasawa S. Survey on the distribution of the gene 4 alleles of human rotaviruses by polymerase chain reaction.. Epidemiol Infect 1994 Jun;112(3):615-22.
      pubmed: 8005227doi: 10.1017/s0950268800051311google scholar: lookup
    45. Greenberg HB, Valdesuso J, van Wyke K, Midthun K, Walsh M, McAuliffe V, Wyatt RG, Kalica AR, Flores J, Hoshino Y. Production and preliminary characterization of monoclonal antibodies directed at two surface proteins of rhesus rotavirus.. J Virol 1983 Aug;47(2):267-75.
      pubmed: 6312065doi: 10.1128/JVI.47.2.267-275.1983google scholar: lookup
    46. Fitzgerald TA, Browning GF. Increased sensitivity of a rotavirus serotyping enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay by the incorporation of CaCl2.. J Virol Methods 1991 Aug;33(3):299-304.
      pubmed: 1664432doi: 10.1016/0166-0934(91)90029-ygoogle scholar: lookup
    47. Nagesha HS, Holmes IH. VP4 relationships between porcine and other rotavirus serotypes.. Arch Virol 1991;116(1-4):107-18.
      pubmed: 1705788doi: 10.1007/BF01319235google scholar: lookup
    48. Hardy ME, Gorziglia M, Woode GN. The outer capsid protein VP4 of equine rotavirus strain H-2 represents a unique VP4 type by amino acid sequence analysis.. Virology 1993 Mar;193(1):492-7.
      pubmed: 8382410doi: 10.1006/viro.1993.1152google scholar: lookup
    49. Browning GF, Chalmers RM, Fitzgerald TA, Corley KT, Campbell I, Snodgrass DR. Rotavirus serotype G3 predominates in horses.. J Clin Microbiol 1992 Jan;30(1):59-62.
      pubmed: 1310333doi: 10.1128/jcm.30.1.59-62.1992google scholar: lookup
    50. Snodgrass DR, Fitzgerald T, Campbell I, Scott FM, Browning GF, Miller DL, Herring AJ, Greenberg HB. Rotavirus serotypes 6 and 10 predominate in cattle.. J Clin Microbiol 1990 Mar;28(3):504-7.
      pubmed: 2157736doi: 10.1128/jcm.28.3.504-507.1990google scholar: lookup
    51. Sereno MM, Gorziglia MI. The outer capsid protein VP4 of murine rotavirus strain Eb represents a tentative new P type.. Virology 1994 Mar;199(2):500-4.
      pubmed: 8122380doi: 10.1006/viro.1994.1153google scholar: lookup
    52. Gorziglia M, Larralde G, Kapikian AZ, Chanock RM. Antigenic relationships among human rotaviruses as determined by outer capsid protein VP4.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990 Sep;87(18):7155-9.
      pubmed: 1698292doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.18.7155google scholar: lookup
    53. Ciarlet M, Reggeti F, Piña CI, Liprandi F. Equine rotaviruses with G14 serotype specificity circulate among venezuelan horses.. J Clin Microbiol 1994 Oct;32(10):2609-12.
      pubmed: 7814511doi: 10.1128/jcm.32.10.2609-2612.1994google scholar: lookup
    54. Rasool NB, Larralde G, Gorziglia MI. Determination of human rotavirus VP4 using serotype-specific cDNA probes.. Arch Virol 1993;133(3-4):275-82.
      pubmed: 8257289doi: 10.1007/BF01313768google scholar: lookup
    55. Mackow ER, Shaw RD, Matsui SM, Vo PT, Benfield DA, Greenberg HB. Characterization of homotypic and heterotypic VP7 neutralization sites of rhesus rotavirus.. Virology 1988 Aug;165(2):511-7.
      pubmed: 2457279doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(88)90595-8google scholar: lookup

    Citations

    This article has been cited 9 times.
    1. Uprety T, Sreenivasan CC, Hause BM, Li G, Odemuyiwa SO, Locke S, Morgan J, Zeng L, Gilsenan WF, Slovis N, Metcalfe L, Carter CN, Timoney P, Horohov D, Wang D, Erol E, Adam E, Li F. Identification of a Ruminant Origin Group B Rotavirus Associated with Diarrhea Outbreaks in Foals. Viruses 2021 Jul 9;13(7).
      doi: 10.3390/v13071330pubmed: 34372536google scholar: lookup
    2. Nemoto M, Matsumura T. Equine rotavirus infection. J Equine Sci 2021 Mar;32(1):1-9.
      doi: 10.1294/jes.32.1pubmed: 33776534google scholar: lookup
    3. Bailey KE, Gilkerson JR, Browning GF. Equine rotaviruses--current understanding and continuing challenges. Vet Microbiol 2013 Nov 29;167(1-2):135-44.
      doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.07.010pubmed: 23932076google scholar: lookup
    4. Trojnar E, Otto P, Roth B, Reetz J, Johne R. The genome segments of a group D rotavirus possess group A-like conserved termini but encode group-specific proteins. J Virol 2010 Oct;84(19):10254-65.
      doi: 10.1128/JVI.00332-10pubmed: 20631147google scholar: lookup
    5. Collins PJ, Cullinane A, Martella V, O'Shea H. Molecular characterization of equine rotavirus in Ireland. J Clin Microbiol 2008 Oct;46(10):3346-54.
      doi: 10.1128/JCM.00995-08pubmed: 18716232google scholar: lookup
    6. Gulati BR, Deepa R, Singh BK, Rao CD. Diversity in Indian equine rotaviruses: identification of genotype G10,P6[1] and G1 strains and a new VP7 genotype (G16) strain in specimens from diarrheic foals in India. J Clin Microbiol 2007 Mar;45(3):972-8.
      doi: 10.1128/JCM.01696-06pubmed: 17135436google scholar: lookup
    7. Martella V, Pratelli A, Greco G, Gentile M, Fiorente P, Tempesta M, Buonavoglia C. Nucleotide sequence variation of the VP7 gene of two G3-type rotaviruses isolated from dogs. Virus Res 2001 Apr;74(1-2):17-25.
      doi: 10.1016/s0168-1702(00)00230-6pubmed: 11226570google scholar: lookup
    8. Ciarlet M, I a P, Conner ME, Liprandi F. Antigenic and molecular analyses reveal that the equine rotavirus strain H-1 is closely related to porcine, but not equine, rotaviruses: interspecies transmission from pigs to horses?. Virus Genes 2001 Jan;22(1):5-20.
      doi: 10.1023/a:1008175716816pubmed: 11210939google scholar: lookup
    9. Carossino M, Vissani MA, Barrandeguy ME, Balasuriya UBR, Parreño V. Equine Rotavirus A under the One Health Lens: Potential Impacts on Public Health. Viruses 2024 Jan 16;16(1).
      doi: 10.3390/v16010130pubmed: 38257830google scholar: lookup
    Subscribe to our newsletter
    Join 99,727 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.