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Home / Equine Research Bank / Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob / Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyti...
Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials2014; 13; 56; doi: 10.1186/s12941-014-0056-y

Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus in companion animals: a cross-sectional study.

Abstract: Among coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus haemolyticus is the second most frequently isolated species from human blood cultures and has the highest level of antimicrobial resistance. This species has zoonotic character and is prevalent both in humans and animals. Recent studies have indicated that methicillin-resistant S. haemolyticus (MRSH) is one of the most frequent isolated Staphylococcus species among neonates in intensive care units. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of MRSH in different groups of companion animals and to characterize isolates according their antimicrobial resistance. Methods: Samples (n = 754) were collected from healthy and diseased dogs and cats, female dogs in pure-breed kennels, healthy horses, and kennel owners. Classical microbiological tests along with molecular testing including PCR and 16S rRNA sequencing were performed to identify MRSH. Clonality of the isolates was assessed by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis using the SmaI restriction enzyme. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the broth micro-dilution method. Detection of genes encoding antimicrobial resistance was performed by PCR. Statistical analysis was performed using the R Project of Statistical Computing, "R 1.8.1" package. Results: From a total of 754 samples tested, 12 MRSH isolates were obtained. No MRSH were found in horses and cats. Eleven isolates were obtained from dogs and one from a kennel owner. Ten of the dog isolates were detected in pure-breed kennels. The isolates demonstrated the same clonality only within separate kennels.The most frequent resistances of MRSH isolates was demonstrated to benzylpenicillin (91.7%), erythromycin (91.7%), gentamicin (75.0%), tetracycline (66.7%), fluoroquinolones (41.7%) and co-trimoxazole (41.7%). One isolate was resistant to streptogramins. All isolates were susceptible to daptomycin, rifampin, linezolid and vancomycin. The clone isolated from the kennel owner and one of the dogs was resistant to beta-lactams, macrolides, gentamicin and tetracycline. Conclusions: Pure-breed kennels keeping 6 or more females were determined to be a risk factor for the presence of MRSH strains. MRSH isolated from companion animals were frequently resistant to some classes of critically important antimicrobials, although they remain susceptible to antibiotics used exclusively in human medicine.
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Publication Date: 2014-11-28 PubMed ID: 25431281PubMed Central: PMC4247881DOI: 10.1186/s12941-014-0056-yGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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This research paper investigates the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus (MRSH), a potentially dangerous bacterium, in companion animals such as dogs and cats. The study finds that pure-breed kennels house a high number of these resistant bacteria, and that companion animals can harbour MRSH strains resistant to major antibiotic classes, though these strains still respond to antibiotics used exclusively in human medicine.

Study Objective and Methodology

  • The main objective of this study was to gauge the prevalence of MRSH in different groups of companion animals and to understand the antimicrobial resistance of these isolates. Additionally, this research attempted to trace any potential zoonotic or cross-species transmission of the bacteria, as one MRSH isolate was also obtained from a kennel owner.
  • To conduct this research, a total of 754 samples were collected from cats, dogs, horses, as well as kennel owners.
  • Detailed microbiological and molecular tests, including Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and 16S rRNA sequencing, were carried out to identify the MRSH strain. The clonality of different isolates was assessed by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis.
  • The resistance of these isolates to various antimicrobial drugs was tested using the broth micro-dilution method, and detection of genes encoding antimicrobial resistance was carried out using PCR.

Key Findings

  • Out of the 754 samples tested, 12 were identified as MRSH isolates. All of these were drawn from dogs, except one which was obtained from a kennel owner. Interestingly, no MRSH was detected in samples from horses and cats.
  • The MRSH isolates demonstrated similar clonality, but only within separate kennels. This suggests that each kennel potentially had its unique MRSH strain.
  • The study found that MRSH was particularly prevalent among pure-breed dogs housed in kennels. Among dog isolates, ten were traced back to pure-breed kennels.
  • Concerning antibiotic resistance, the MRSH strains were most resistant to antibiotics such as benzylpenicillin, erythromycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, fluoroquinolones, and co-trimoxazole. However, none of the strains showed resistance to daptomycin, rifampin, linezolid, and vancomycin – antibiotics usually used in human medicine.

Conclusions and Implications

  • The presence of MRSH in kennels, particularly pure-breed ones housing 6 or more females, was identified as a risk-factor for the transmission of these antibiotic-resistant strains. However, the fact that all the isolates remained susceptible to antibiotics used exclusively in human medicine provides a perspective for handling these superbugs.
  • Given that the MRSH isolated from a kennel owner also showed high resistance, there is a clear implication that these superbugs could be passed between humans and animals, stressing the importance of continued research and monitoring in this area.

Cite This Article

APA
Ruzauskas M, Siugzdiniene R, Klimiene I, Virgailis M, Mockeliunas R, Vaskeviciute L, Zienius D. (2014). Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus in companion animals: a cross-sectional study. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob, 13, 56. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12941-014-0056-y

Publication

Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials
ISSN: 1476-0711
NlmUniqueID: 101152152
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 13
Pages: 56

Researcher Affiliations

Ruzauskas, Modestas
  • Microbiology and Virology Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus g, 9, Kaunas LT44307, Lithuania. ruzauskas@lva.lt.
Siugzdiniene, Rita
    Klimiene, Irena
      Virgailis, Marius
        Mockeliunas, Raimundas
          Vaskeviciute, Lina
            Zienius, Dainius

              MeSH Terms

              • Animals
              • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
              • Carrier State / epidemiology
              • Carrier State / microbiology
              • Cats
              • Cluster Analysis
              • Cross-Sectional Studies
              • DNA Fingerprinting
              • DNA, Bacterial / chemistry
              • DNA, Bacterial / genetics
              • DNA, Ribosomal / chemistry
              • DNA, Ribosomal / genetics
              • Dogs
              • Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field
              • Genes, Bacterial
              • Genotype
              • Horses
              • Humans
              • Methicillin Resistance
              • Microbial Sensitivity Tests
              • Pets / microbiology
              • Polymerase Chain Reaction
              • Prevalence
              • RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / genetics
              • Sequence Analysis, DNA
              • Staphylococcal Infections / epidemiology
              • Staphylococcal Infections / microbiology
              • Staphylococcus haemolyticus / classification
              • Staphylococcus haemolyticus / drug effects
              • Staphylococcus haemolyticus / genetics
              • Staphylococcus haemolyticus / isolation & purification

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