FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Osteoarthritis and cartilage2005; 13(6); 537-544; doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2005.02.007

Promotion of the intrinsic damage-repair response in articular cartilage by fibroblastic growth factor-2.

Abstract: To identify the effect of fibroblastic growth factor-2 (FGF-2) on the intrinsic damage-repair response in articular cartilage in vitro. Methods: Articular equine cartilage explants, without subchondral bone, had a single impact load of 500 g applied from a height of 2.5 cm. Explants were then cultured in 0, 12, 25, 50 or 100 ng/ml FGF-2 for up to 28 days. Unimpacted discs served as controls for each time-point. Histological and immunohistochemical techniques were used to quantify and characterise the response of putative chondrocyte progenitor cells (CPC) to damage and FGF-2 treatment. Results: FGF-2 significantly accelerated the appearance and increased the numbers of de novo repair cells identified histologically at the cartilage surface. The response was affected by the dose of FGF-2. The repair cells were shown to be chondrocytes by their expression of collagen types II, IX/XI, but not of type I collagen. In addition, these cells, and those underlying the articular surface, were shown to be immunopositive for Notch-1 and PCNA, markers for proliferating cartilage progenitor cells. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that, following single impact load, CPC can be stimulated in mature articular cartilage in vitro. These CPC and the cells arising from them appear to represent the cartilage's response to damage. The timing of the appearance of CPC and their overall numbers can be significantly increased by FGF-2, providing further evidence for an important role for FGF-2 in modulating cartilage repair. These results indicate that further study into the mechanisms of repair in mature cartilage using this in vitro model are vital in understanding the repair capacity of mature cartilage.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2005-06-01 PubMed ID: 15922188DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2005.02.007Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research seeks to understand the role of fibroblastic growth factor-2 (FGF-2) in repairing damaged articular cartilage. It demonstrates that FGF-2 can hasten the appearance and increase the number of repair cells in the cartilage.

Methodology

  • The researchers isolated articular cartilage from horses, and inflicted impact damage on it by dropping a 500g weight from a height of 2.5cm.
  • The damaged cartilage samples were then cultured in varying concentrations of FGF-2 (ranging from 0 to 100 ng/ml) for a duration of up to 28 days.
  • Undamaged cartilage samples were also cultured under similar conditions for comparison.
  • Using histological and immunohistochemical techniques, the team tracked the response of chondrocyte progenitor cells (CPC) – the cells responsible for the repair of cartilage – to the damage and FGF-2 treatment.

Results

  • The study discovered that FGF-2 considerably fastened the appearance and ramped up the numbers of repair cells that could be visually identified on the cartilage surface.
  • This response was found to be dose-dependent, with higher doses of FGF-2 leading to a stronger reaction.
  • The repair cells were confirmed as chondrocytes due to their production of collagen types II, IX/XI, but not I.
  • These cells also tested positive for Notch-1 and PCNA, both markers for proliferating cartilage progenitor cells.

Conclusions

  • The results showed that CPCs can be stimulated in adult articular cartilage in a controlled environment, post-impact.
  • These stimulated CPCs and the resulting cells seem to signify the cartilage’s intrinsic method to combat damage.
  • The timing of CPC appearance, along with their final count, can be significantly boosted by FGF-2. This lends further proof to FGF-2’s vital role in steering cartilage repair.
  • The outcomes propose that exploring the mechanisms of repair in mature cartilage using this controlled model could be essential in understanding the repair capacity of aged cartilage.

Cite This Article

APA
Henson FM, Bowe EA, Davies ME. (2005). Promotion of the intrinsic damage-repair response in articular cartilage by fibroblastic growth factor-2. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 13(6), 537-544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2005.02.007

Publication

Osteoarthritis and cartilage
ISSN: 1063-4584
NlmUniqueID: 9305697
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 6
Pages: 537-544

Researcher Affiliations

Henson, F M D
  • Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK. fmdh1@cam.ac.uk
Bowe, E A
    Davies, M E

      MeSH Terms

      • Animals
      • Cartilage, Articular / drug effects
      • Cartilage, Articular / injuries
      • Cartilage, Articular / pathology
      • Chondrogenesis / drug effects
      • Equidae
      • Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / pharmacology
      • In Vitro Techniques
      • Stem Cells / drug effects
      • Wound Healing / drug effects

      Citations

      This article has been cited 27 times.
      1. Shen X, Hu L, Li Z, Wang L, Pang X, Wen CY, Tang B. Extracellular Calcium Ion Concentration Regulates Chondrocyte Elastic Modulus and Adhesion Behavior. Int J Mol Sci 2021 Sep 17;22(18).
        doi: 10.3390/ijms221810034pubmed: 34576195google scholar: lookup
      2. Shi S, Mercer S, Eckert GJ, Trippel SB. Regulation of articular chondrocyte catabolic genes by growth factor interaction. J Cell Biochem 2019 Jul;120(7):11127-11139.
        doi: 10.1002/jcb.28389pubmed: 30809855google scholar: lookup
      3. Guzzo RM, Alaee F, Paglia D, Gibson JD, Spicer D, Drissi H. Aberrant expression of Twist1 in diseased articular cartilage and a potential role in the modulation of osteoarthritis severity. Genes Dis 2016 Mar;3(1):88-99.
        doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2015.12.005pubmed: 30258877google scholar: lookup
      4. Fellows CR, Williams R, Davies IR, Gohil K, Baird DM, Fairclough J, Rooney P, Archer CW, Khan IM. Characterisation of a divergent progenitor cell sub-populations in human osteoarthritic cartilage: the role of telomere erosion and replicative senescence. Sci Rep 2017 Feb 2;7:41421.
        doi: 10.1038/srep41421pubmed: 28150695google scholar: lookup
      5. Fellows CR, Matta C, Zakany R, Khan IM, Mobasheri A. Adipose, Bone Marrow and Synovial Joint-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cartilage Repair. Front Genet 2016;7:213.
        doi: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00213pubmed: 28066501google scholar: lookup
      6. Holton J, Imam M, Ward J, Snow M. The Basic Science of Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate in Chondral Injuries. Orthop Rev (Pavia) 2016 Sep 19;8(3):6659.
        doi: 10.4081/or.2016.6659pubmed: 27761221google scholar: lookup
      7. Hopper N, Henson F, Brooks R, Ali E, Rushton N, Wardale J. Peripheral blood derived mononuclear cells enhance osteoarthritic human chondrocyte migration. Arthritis Res Ther 2015 Aug 7;17(1):199.
        doi: 10.1186/s13075-015-0709-zpubmed: 26249339google scholar: lookup
      8. Chubinskaya S, Wimmer MA. Key Pathways to Prevent Posttraumatic Arthritis for Future Molecule-Based Therapy. Cartilage 2013 Jul;4(3 Suppl):13S-21S.
        doi: 10.1177/1947603513487457pubmed: 26069661google scholar: lookup
      9. Bulman SE, Coleman CM, Murphy JM, Medcalf N, Ryan AE, Barry F. Pullulan: a new cytoadhesive for cell-mediated cartilage repair. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015 Mar 19;6(1):34.
        doi: 10.1186/s13287-015-0011-7pubmed: 25889571google scholar: lookup
      10. Shi S, Wang C, Acton AJ, Eckert GJ, Trippel SB. Role of sox9 in growth factor regulation of articular chondrocytes. J Cell Biochem 2015 Jul;116(7):1391-400.
        doi: 10.1002/jcb.25099pubmed: 25708223google scholar: lookup
      11. Jiang Y, Tuan RS. Origin and function of cartilage stem/progenitor cells in osteoarthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2015 Apr;11(4):206-12.
        doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2014.200pubmed: 25536487google scholar: lookup
      12. Yu Y, Zheng H, Buckwalter JA, Martin JA. Single cell sorting identifies progenitor cell population from full thickness bovine articular cartilage. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2014 Sep;22(9):1318-26.
        doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.07.002pubmed: 25038490google scholar: lookup
      13. Shi S, Mercer S, Eckert GJ, Trippel SB. Growth factor regulation of growth factor production by multiple gene transfer to chondrocytes. Growth Factors 2013 Feb;31(1):32-8.
        doi: 10.3109/08977194.2012.750652pubmed: 23302100google scholar: lookup
      14. Grogan SP, Duffy SF, Pauli C, Koziol JA, Su AI, D'Lima DD, Lotz MK. Zone-specific gene expression patterns in articular cartilage. Arthritis Rheum 2013 Feb;65(2):418-28.
        doi: 10.1002/art.37760pubmed: 23124445google scholar: lookup
      15. Shi S, Mercer S, Eckert GJ, Trippel SB. Growth factor transgenes interactively regulate articular chondrocytes. J Cell Biochem 2013 Apr;114(4):908-19.
        doi: 10.1002/jcb.24430pubmed: 23097312google scholar: lookup
      16. Getgood A, Spalding T. The evolution of anatomic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Open Orthop J 2012;6:287-94.
        doi: 10.2174/1874325001206010287pubmed: 22905073google scholar: lookup
      17. Singh JA. Stem cells and other innovative intra-articular therapies for osteoarthritis: what does the future hold?. BMC Med 2012 May 2;10:44.
        doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-10-44pubmed: 22551396google scholar: lookup
      18. Shi S, Mercer S, Eckert GJ, Trippel SB. Regulation of articular chondrocyte aggrecan and collagen gene expression by multiple growth factor gene transfer. J Orthop Res 2012 Jul;30(7):1026-31.
        doi: 10.1002/jor.22036pubmed: 22180348google scholar: lookup
      19. Sassi N, Laadhar L, Driss M, Kallel-Sellami M, Sellami S, Makni S. The role of the Notch pathway in healthy and osteoarthritic articular cartilage: from experimental models to ex vivo studies. Arthritis Res Ther 2011 Mar 18;13(2):208.
        doi: 10.1186/ar3255pubmed: 21457519google scholar: lookup
      20. Lotz MK, Kraus VB. New developments in osteoarthritis. Posttraumatic osteoarthritis: pathogenesis and pharmacological treatment options. Arthritis Res Ther 2010;12(3):211.
        doi: 10.1186/ar3046pubmed: 20602810google scholar: lookup
      21. Otsuki S, Grogan SP, Miyaki S, Kinoshita M, Asahara H, Lotz MK. Tissue neogenesis and STRO-1 expression in immature and mature articular cartilage. J Orthop Res 2010 Jan;28(1):96-102.
        doi: 10.1002/jor.20944pubmed: 19603515google scholar: lookup
      22. Grogan SP, Miyaki S, Asahara H, D'Lima DD, Lotz MK. Mesenchymal progenitor cell markers in human articular cartilage: normal distribution and changes in osteoarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2009;11(3):R85.
        doi: 10.1186/ar2719pubmed: 19500336google scholar: lookup
      23. Shi S, Mercer S, Eckert GJ, Trippel SB. Growth factor regulation of growth factors in articular chondrocytes. J Biol Chem 2009 Mar 13;284(11):6697-704.
        doi: 10.1074/jbc.M807859200pubmed: 19136669google scholar: lookup
      24. Henson FM, Vincent T. Chondrocyte outgrowth into a gelatin scaffold in a single impact load model of damage/repair - effect of BMP-2. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2007 Dec 5;8:120.
        doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-8-120pubmed: 18053249google scholar: lookup
      25. Nakayama J, Fujioka H, Nagura I, Kokubu T, Makino T, Kuroda R, Tabata Y, Kurosaka M. The effect of fibroblast growth factor-2 on autologous osteochondral transplantation. Int Orthop 2009 Feb;33(1):275-80.
        doi: 10.1007/s00264-007-0459-xpubmed: 17940768google scholar: lookup
      26. Beecher BR, Martin JA, Pedersen DR, Heiner AD, Buckwalter JA. Antioxidants block cyclic loading induced chondrocyte death. Iowa Orthop J 2007;27:1-8.
        pubmed: 17907423
      27. Hiruthyaswamy SP, Bose A, Upadhyay A, Raha T, Bhattacharjee S, Singha I, Ray S, Nicky Macarius NM, Viswanathan P, Deepankumar K. Molecular signaling pathways in osteoarthritis and biomaterials for cartilage regeneration: a review. Bioengineered 2025 Dec;16(1):2501880.
        doi: 10.1080/21655979.2025.2501880pubmed: 40336219google scholar: lookup
      Subscribe to our newsletter
      Join 99,727 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.