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Virology2010; 410(2); 327-335; doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.11.020

Properties of an equine herpesvirus 1 mutant devoid of the internal inverted repeat sequence of the genomic short region.

Abstract: The 150 kbp genome of equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) is composed of a unique long (UL) region and a unique short (Us) segment, which is flanked by identical internal and terminal repeat (IR and TR) sequences of 12.7 kbp. We constructed an EHV-1 lacking the entire IR (vL11ΔIR) and showed that the IR is dispensable for EHV-1 replication but that the vL11ΔIR exhibits a smaller plaque size and delayed growth kinetics. Western blot analyses of cells infected with vL11ΔIR showed that the synthesis of viral proteins encoded by the immediate-early, early, and late genes was reduced at immediate-early and early times, but by late stages of replication reached wild type levels. Intranasal infection of CBA mice revealed that the vL11ΔIR was significantly attenuated as mice infected with the vL11ΔIR showed a reduced lung viral titer and greater ability to survive infection compared to mice infected with parental or revertant virus.
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Publication Date: 2010-12-21 PubMed ID: 21176938PubMed Central: PMC3030640DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.11.020Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research conducted experiments on a variant of Equine Herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) that lacked a segment of the virus’s genetic makeup known as the internal inverted repeat (IR). The researchers found this deficient virus variant, named vL11ΔIR, showed slower growth and smaller size but could still replicate. Additionally, the vL11ΔIR was less damaging when infecting mice, resulting in lower virus levels in the lungs and higher survival rates compared to the original virus.

Study Design and Objective

  • The research team aimed to study the effects of removing the internal inverted repeat (IR), a 12.7 kbp sequence, from the genome of the equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1).
  • The primary objective was to investigate how this genetic modification affects the virus’s replication process, its protein synthesis, and severity of infection in a mammalian host.

Methods and Procedures

  • The researchers constructed a variant of EHV-1 that lacked the entire IR segment, referred to as vL11ΔIR.
  • The team then examined its growth kinetics and plaque size, which is a visible structure formed by virus-infected cells in cell cultures.
  • They analyzed protein synthesis using Western blot analyses at different stages of the replication process.
  • Finally, vL11ΔIR’s effects were observed in a live organism by infecting CBA mice intranasally (through the nose) and monitoring lung viral titers and survival after infection.

Key Findings

  • vL11ΔIR was capable of replication despite lacking the IR sequence, showing that IR is not essential for the virus’s replication process.
  • The mutant virus exhibited smaller plaque formation and delayed growth kinetics, suggesting that the virus’s growth and spread are hindered without the IR sequence.
  • Protein synthesis was initially reduced in vL11ΔIR-infected cells but later reached the levels of the wild type virus, indicating that the removal of IR sequence affects the early stages of viral replication and protein production.
  • When infecting mice, vL11ΔIR resulted in reduced lung viral titers, showing decreased viral load in internal organs. Also, mice infected with vL11ΔIR showed higher survival rates, suggesting that the IR-deficient virus is less virulent than its wild-type counterpart.

Implications of the Research

  • This study contributes to the understanding of the EHV-1 viral genome and machinations, particularly highlighting the role the IR sequence plays in the virus’s life cycle.
  • Such insights could aid in the development of viral attenuators or novel treatments against EHV-1 or similar virus types, which may subsequently improve health outcomes in horses and potentially other affected animals.

Cite This Article

APA
Ahn B, Zhang Y, Osterrieder N, O'Callaghan DJ. (2010). Properties of an equine herpesvirus 1 mutant devoid of the internal inverted repeat sequence of the genomic short region. Virology, 410(2), 327-335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2010.11.020

Publication

Virology
ISSN: 1096-0341
NlmUniqueID: 0110674
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 410
Issue: 2
Pages: 327-335

Researcher Affiliations

Ahn, ByungChul
  • Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA.
Zhang, Yunfei
    Osterrieder, Nikolaus
      O'Callaghan, Dennis J

        MeSH Terms

        • Animals
        • Blotting, Western
        • DNA, Viral / genetics
        • Disease Models, Animal
        • Female
        • Herpesviridae Infections / pathology
        • Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
        • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / genetics
        • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / growth & development
        • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / pathogenicity
        • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / physiology
        • Inverted Repeat Sequences
        • Lung / virology
        • Mice
        • Mice, Inbred CBA
        • Sequence Deletion
        • Survival Analysis
        • Viral Plaque Assay
        • Viral Proteins / biosynthesis
        • Virulence
        • Virus Replication

        Grant Funding

        • P20 RR018724-07 / NCRR NIH HHS
        • R01 AI022001 / NIAID NIH HHS
        • P20 RR018724-08 / NCRR NIH HHS
        • P20 RR018724 / NCRR NIH HHS
        • R01 AI022001-22 / NIAID NIH HHS
        • AI-22001 / NIAID NIH HHS
        • P20-RR018724 / NCRR NIH HHS

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        Citations

        This article has been cited 1 times.
        1. Ahn BC, Kim S, Zhang Y, Charvat RA, O'Callaghan DJ. The early UL3 gene of equine herpesvirus-1 encodes a tegument protein not essential for replication or virulence in the mouse. Virology 2011 Nov 10;420(1):20-31.
          doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.08.016pubmed: 21917286google scholar: lookup
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