Protopine alkaloids in horse urine.
Abstract: Protopine was extracted from Fumaria officinalis and purified by column chromatography. Urine samples were collected from horses and a human volunteer that had been administered either F. officinalis or protopine free base. Plant and urine samples were acetylated and analysed by GCMS after solid-phase extraction (SPE). The urinary metabolites of protopine were identified as 4,6,7,13-tetrahydro-9,10-dihydroxy-5-methyl-benzo[e]-l,3-benzodioxolo [4,5-1][2] benzazecin-12(5H)-one, 4,6,7,13-tetrahydro-10-hydroxy-9-methoxy-5-methyl-benzo[e]-1,3-benzodioxolo[4,5-1][2] benzazecin-12(5H)-one and 4,6,7,13-tetrahydro-9-hydroxy-10-methoxy-5-methyl-benzo[e]-1,3-benzodioxolo[4,5-l][2] benzazecin-12(5H)-one, chelianthifoline, isochelianthifoline and 2-O-desmethylchelianthifoline. The metabolic formation of the tetrahydroprotoberberines by closure of the bridge across N5 and C13 is rate limited and protopine-like metabolites accumulate only when the route is overloaded. Metabolism was qualitatively similar in the horse and human.
Publication Date: 2004-10-02 PubMed ID: 15458726DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.03.077Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The research article studies the presence of Protopine alkaloids in horse urine post the administration of Fumaria officinalis plant or protopine free base. The team identified specific urinary metabolites, observed their metabolic formation patterns, and compared the metabolic process in horses and humans.
Extraction and Purification
- In the first part of the study, the researchers extracted Protopine from Fumaria officinalis, more commonly known as the common fumitory, a herbaceous flowering plant. This extraction was then purified using column chromatography, a technique commonly used to purify individual chemical compounds from mixtures.
Sample Collection and Analysis
- Post purification, urine samples were taken from horses and a human subject who had been given either the F. officinalis plant or the protopine free base.
- These samples, along with plant samples, were subjected to acetylation, a process of introducing an acetyl functional group, which transformed them into an easier form to handle and analyse.
- Then, these acetylated samples were subjected to solid-phase extraction (SPE), a separation process designed to isolate specific compounds from the mixture.
- Finally, the isolated compounds were analysed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS), a method used to identify different substances within a sample.
Identification of Urinary Metabolites
- During the GCMS analysis, multiple metabolites of protopine were identified in the urine. These included compounds like chelianthifoline, isochelianthifoline, and 2-O-desmethylchelianthifoline.
Understanding Metabolic Formation
- The research further delved into the metabolic formation of the identified metabolites.
- They observed that the formation of the tetrahydroprotoberberines (a type of alkaloid structure) by closure of the bridge across N5 and C13 was slow and if this route was overloaded, that is when the protopine-like metabolites could accumulate.
Similarity Between Horse and Human Metabolism
- Fascinatingly, findings of the study revealed that the metabolism of the plant or the free base in the bodies of the horse and human subject appeared to be quite similar, at least qualitatively.
Cite This Article
APA
Wynne PM, Vine JH, Amiet RG.
(2004).
Protopine alkaloids in horse urine.
J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci, 811(1), 85-91.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.03.077 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Racing Analytical Services Limited, 400 Epsom Road, Flemington, Vic. 3031, Australia. pwynne@sge.com
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Benzophenanthridines
- Berberine Alkaloids / urine
- Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
- Horses
Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Huang YJ, Cheng P, Zhang ZY, Tian SJ, Sun ZL, Zeng JG, Liu ZY. Biotransformation and tissue distribution of protopine and allocryptopine and effects of Plume Poppy Total Alkaloid on liver drug-metabolizing enzymes. Sci Rep 2018 Jan 11;8(1):537.
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
