Proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis in 34 horses using two parallel 5.5-mm cortical bone screws.

This research presents the findings of a study investigating a specific surgical method, known as arthrodesis of the proximal interphalangeal joint in horses, using two parallel 5.5-mm cortical bone screws. The results revealed that the technique was largely successful, leading to functional use of the limb in over 85% of cases.

Research Methodology

• The research was conducted as a retrospective, clinical study, examining veterinary medical records from 1991-1997.
• The data collected pertained to horses aged 1 to 19 years that had undergone pastern arthrodesis, a surgical procedure designed to fuse the bones of a joint, using two 5.5-mm cortical bone screws.
• These screws were positioned in parallel orientation and the researchers made use of a combined aiming device to facilitate precise placement. This technique is referred to as “lag fashion”.
• Information recorded from the medical records included age, breed, lameness diagnosis (reason for the surgery), duration of lameness prior to surgery, the limb(s) affected, and the surgical outcome.

Results of the Study

• A total of 39 proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodeses were performed on 34 horses included in the study.
• One horse had to be euthanized in the recovery room and was therefore excluded from the study’s analysis.
• The successful outcome, defined as a return to the previous level of function or future intended athletic use, was achieved in 85% of front limbs and 89% of hind limbs that underwent the surgery.
• There were 5 cases of failure, where 1 horse had lameness directly associated with the surgery and 4 horses displayed lameness unrelated to the procedure.

Conclusion

• The results concluded that the age, breed, and initial disease of the horse did not affect the outcome of the surgery. Consequently, this indicates that the method is robust and works across a wide range of different variables.
• The surgical technique of pastern arthrodesis using two 5.5-mm ASIF cortical bone screws, in parallel orientation and placed in lag fashion, was highly effective, leading to the restoration of limb function in well over 85% of cases.
• The authors highlight the benefits of a reduced postoperative coaptation period (time spent in bandages or casts to immobilize the joint), which is advantageous for the recovery process and the general well-being of the horse.