Proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis using a combination plate-screw technique in 53 horses (1994-2003).

The research article discusses an evaluation of a specific surgical technique for the arthrodesis of the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP joint) in horses, showing how it enables a stable fixation and reduces the duration of cast support.

Objective of the Research

• The main goal of this study was to review the clinical use of a combined plate-screw method, a surgical technique that involves the use of a dynamic compression plate (DCP) and screws, for the arthrodesis of the PIP joint in horses. This was done by retrospectively examining the cases of 53 horses that underwent this procedure.

Methods Used

• In the study, the records of 53 horses that had PIP joint arthrodesis using the plate-screw method were reviewed. The technique involved placing a 3-, 4- or 5-hole DCP dorsally with two transarticular cortex screws on either side of the plate.
• The horses’ details, clinical presentation, radiographic results, surgery method, post-surgery treatment, and complications were logged. A long-term follow-up, averaging three years, was conducted for 46 of the horses.

Results of the Research

• The researchers carried out 58 arthrodesis procedures on the 53 horses using the DCP and screws. The conditions treated included osteoarthritis of the PIP joint, fractures of the middle phalanx, PIP joint subluxation, subchondral cystic lesions, and degenerative joint disease due to sepsis.
• The researchers found that post-surgical cast application was only needed for 14 days on average.
• The results were positive overall, with 87% (40 out of 46) of the horses being able to return to their intended uses. This includes 81% (20 out of 25) forelimb and 95% (20 out of 21) hindlimb arthrodeses.
• For performance horses specifically, successful outcomes were observed in 85% (23 out of 27) of cases.
• Reported complications were implant infection, cast sores, and partial implant failures.

Conclusions of the Study

• The study concluded that the PIP joint arthrodesis using a DCP and transarticular cortex screws offers stable construction, short casting period, and minimal complications.
• The prognosis for performance horses returning to their sporting potential was excellent for hindlimb PIP joint arthrodesis and good for forelimb arthrodesis.
• The researchers suggest that the combined plate-screw technique allows a large proportion of horses with pastern joint issues to return to their athletic potential, thereby emphasizing the effectiveness of the surgery.