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Biology2020; 9(9); 254; doi: 10.3390/biology9090254

Red-Light Irradiation of Horse Spermatozoa Increases Mitochondrial Activity and Motility through Changes in the Motile Sperm Subpopulation Structure.

Abstract: Previous studies in other mammalian species have shown that stimulation of semen with red-light increases sperm motility, mitochondrial activity, and fertilizing capacity. This study sought to determine whether red-light stimulation using a light emitting diode (LED) at 620-630 nm affects sperm motility and structure of motile subpopulations, sperm viability, mitochondrial activity, intracellular ATP levels, rate of O consumption and DNA integrity of horse spermatozoa. For this purpose, nine ejaculates were collected from nine different adult stallions. Upon collection, semen was diluted in Kenney extender, analyzed, its concentration was adjusted, and finally it was stimulated with red-light. In all cases, semen was packaged in 0.5-mL transparent straws, which were randomly divided into controls and 19 light-stimulation treatments; 6 consisted of a single exposure to red-light, and the other 13 involved irradiation with intervals of irradiation and darkness (light-dark-light). After irradiation, sperm motility was assessed using a Computerized Semen Analysis System (CASA). Flow cytometry was used to evaluate sperm viability, mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA fragmentation. Intracellular levels of ATP and O consumption rate were also determined. Specific red-light patterns were found to modify kinetics parameters (patterns: 4, 2-2-2, 3-3-3, 4-4-4, 5-1-5, and 5-5-5 min), the structure of motile sperm subpopulations (patterns: 2, 2-2-2, 3-3-3, and 4-1-4 min), mitochondrial membrane potential (patterns: 4, 3-3-3, 4-4-4, 5-1-5, 5-5-5, 15-5-15, and 15-15-15 min), intracellular ATP levels and the rate of O consumption (pattern: 4 min), without affecting sperm viability or DNA integrity. Since the increase in some kinematic parameters was concomitant with that of mitochondrial activity, intracellular ATP levels and O consumption rate, we suggest that the positive effect of light-irradiation on sperm motility is related to its impact upon mitochondrial activity. In conclusion, this study shows that red LED light stimulates motility and mitochondrial activity of horse sperm. Additional research is needed to address the impact of red-light irradiation on fertilizing ability and the mechanisms through which light exerts its effects.
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Publication Date: 2020-08-29 PubMed ID: 32872467PubMed Central: PMC7565061DOI: 10.3390/biology9090254Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research tested the effect of red-light stimulation on horse sperm activity, including motility, viability, mitochondrial activity, intracellular ATP levels, DNA integrity, and consumption of Oxygen. The findings suggest that certain patterns of the red-light irradiation enhanced sperm kinetics, altered the structure of motile sperm subpopulations, influenced mitochondrial activity, ATP level, and oxygen consumption rates without affecting sperm viability or integrity.

Research Methodology

  • The semen samples were collected from nine adult stallions and were subjected to red-light stimulation using a LED at a wavelength between 620-630 nm. This was done in the hope that it would affect the sperm’s motility and structure of motile subpopulations, as well as their viability, mitochondrial activity, intracellular ATP levels, oxygen consumption rate, and DNA integrity.
  • The collected and diluted semen was divided into control samples and 19 different light-stimulation treatments. Where six of these treatments were single exposure to red-light and the remaining 13 involved red-light irradiation with varying intervals of light and darkness (e.g., light-dark-light).
  • The sperm motility was assessed using a Computerized Semen Analysis System (CASA). Additionally, methods such as flow cytometry were used to evaluate sperm viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, and DNA fragmentation.
  • ATP levels and Oxygen consumption rates were also tested to evaluate the effects of red light stimulation.

Key Findings

  • Certain red-light patterns were found to enhance the kinetics parameters of the sperm. Most effective patterns included: 4, 2-2-2, 3-3-3, 4-4-4, 5-1-5, and 5-5-5 minutes.
  • Exposure to specific light patterns brought changes to the structure of motile sperm subpopulations. The patterns that induced changes were 2, 2-2-2, 3-3-3, and 4-1-4 minutes.
  • Some red-light patterns boosted mitochondrial membrane potential. These patterns were 4, 3-3-3, 4-4-4, 5-1-5, 5-5-5, 15-5-15, and 15-15-15 minutes.
  • The pattern that increased both the intracellular ATP levels and the oxygen consumption rate was 4 minutes.
  • The application of the red-light did not affect the sperm’s viability or DNA integrity.

Conclusion

From the study results, an increase in kinematic features showed a parallel increase in mitochondrial activity, ATP levels, and Oxygen consumption rate. This parallel increase strongly suggests that the improvement in sperm motility is linked to the positive influence exerted by light-irradiation on the sperm’s mitochondrial activities. The research confidently states that red LED light can stimulate motility and mitochondrial activity of horse sperm. However, more research is required to understand the overall effect of red-light irradiation on the fertilizing ability of the sperm and to gain clarity on the mechanisms behind the lights’ effect.

Cite This Article

APA
Catalán J, Papas M, Gacem S, Mateo-Otero Y, Rodríguez-Gil JE, Miró J, Yeste M. (2020). Red-Light Irradiation of Horse Spermatozoa Increases Mitochondrial Activity and Motility through Changes in the Motile Sperm Subpopulation Structure. Biology (Basel), 9(9), 254. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9090254

Publication

Biology
ISSN: 2079-7737
NlmUniqueID: 101587988
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 9
Issue: 9
PII: 254

Researcher Affiliations

Catalán, Jaime
  • Equine Reproduction Service, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, ES-08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain.
  • Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, ES-17003 Girona, Spain.
  • Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, ES-17003 Girona, Spain.
Papas, Marion
  • Equine Reproduction Service, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, ES-08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain.
Gacem, Sabrina
  • Equine Reproduction Service, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, ES-08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain.
Mateo-Otero, Yentel
  • Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, ES-17003 Girona, Spain.
  • Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, ES-17003 Girona, Spain.
Rodríguez-Gil, Joan E
  • Equine Reproduction Service, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, ES-08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain.
Miró, Jordi
  • Equine Reproduction Service, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, ES-08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain.
Yeste, Marc
  • Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, ES-17003 Girona, Spain.
  • Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, ES-17003 Girona, Spain.

Grant Funding

  • AGL2017-88329-R / Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaciu00f3n
  • RYC-2014-15581 / Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaciu00f3n
  • 2017-SGR-1229 / Agu00e8ncia de Gestiu00f3 d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca
  • 2017/72180128 / Comisiu00f3n Nacional de Investigaciu00f3n Cientu00edfica y Tecnolu00f3gica

Conflict of Interest Statement

J.E.R.-G. and M.Y. are inventors of a patent entitled ‘Method and apparatus for improving the quality of mammalian sperm’ (European Patent Office, no. 16199093.2; EP-3-323-289-A1), which is owned by Instruments Utils de Laboratori Geniul, SL (Barcelona, Spain).

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Citations

This article has been cited 8 times.
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