Regulatory control of glycopyrrolate in performance horses using validated UHPLC/MS-MS methods.
Abstract: We describe a validated, rapid, sensitive, and specific UHPLC-MS/MS method to detect and quantify glycopyrrolate in 0.5 mL of horse urine. Further, we investigated the elimination of glycopyrrolate in urine after both intravenous and oral administration of clinically relevant doses to Thoroughbred horses. Quantification was performed by weighted, linear regression analysis using a deuterated analogue of glycopyrrolate as internal standard (IS). The method was characterized by a linear range of 5-2500 pg/mL, a lower limit of quantification of 5 pg/mL and a limit of detection of 1 pg/mL. The intra and inter-batch imprecisions were <10% RSD and accuracy of the method ranged between 94 and 104%. Glycopyrrolate remained detectable in urine samples collected through 168 h after intravenous administration and through 24h after oral administration. Analytical method validation requirements for linearity, specificity, precision, accuracy, stability, dilution integrity, matrix effect, and ruggedness have been fulfilled. The urine method described in this report is simple and efficient and is the first reported method with sufficient sensitivity, accuracy, and precision to regulate the use of glycopyrrolate in urine samples collected more than one day after dosing of horses. Urine to plasma glycopyrrolate concentration ratios were calculated and were approximately 100:1 in samples collected from 24h through the end of sample collection.
Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2012-02-13 PubMed ID: 22377405DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.02.008Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research article outlines a method for accurately detecting and quantifying the presence of glycopyrrolate, a drug occasionally used on performance horses, in horse urine. The effectiveness and exactness of the method were tested, notably revealing glycopyrrolate’s long detection period after dosing.
Developing and Validating the Detection Method
- The scientists developed a method for detecting and measuring the amount of glycopyrrolate in small amounts of horse urine using a technique called UHPLC-MS/MS. This method is rapid, sensitive, and specific, which is a necessity when it comes to drug detection and regulation in a sports context.
- They validated the method by applying a complex statistical analysis called a weighted linear regression analysis. This procedure arms the method with the consistency it needs to maintain accuracy across different sets of data.
- This process used a deuterated version of glycopyrrolate (a version containing a heavier isotope of hydrogen) as an internal standard. This was done to accurately measure how much glycopyrrolate was present in the samples.
Method Characteristics
- The measurement system boasts a wide range of detection, an impressive low limit of quantification, and an equally laudable limit of detection. All these contribute to the effectiveness and efficiency of the procedure.
- The researchers reported the accuracy and precision of the detection method, evaluated through intra and inter-batch imprecisions. These factors verify that the method could be relied upon to produce dependable results over repeated tests and across different batches.
Application of the Method
- The validated method was then used to study how long glycopyrrolate remained detectable in the urine of Thoroughbred horses after they were given a clinically relevant dose of the drug. The drug remained detectable in the urine for up to a week after being administered through an injection and up to a day after being given orally.
- The researchers also calculated the concentration ratio of glycopyrrolate in urine and plasma samples and discovered it was approximately 100:1 in samples taken from 24 hours up to the end of the sampling period.
In conclusion, the research provides a critical tool for regulating the use of glycopyrrolate among racehorses. The method’s specificity, sensitivity, and simplicity make it ideal for use in regulatory contexts. The approach stands out as the first to offer reliable results for urine samples taken more than one day after horses were dosed, ensuring longer-term monitoring of glycopyrrolate use.
Cite This Article
APA
Rumpler MJ, Sams RA, Colahan P.
(2012).
Regulatory control of glycopyrrolate in performance horses using validated UHPLC/MS-MS methods.
J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci, 889-890, 130-137.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.02.008 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiological Sciences, Florida Racing Laboratory, Gainesville, FL 32610-0117, USA. mrumpler@ufl.edu
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / methods
- Doping in Sports / prevention & control
- Female
- Glycopyrrolate / urine
- Horses / urine
- Limit of Detection
- Linear Models
- Male
- Reproducibility of Results
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry / methods
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