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Home / Equine Research Bank / Bull World Health Organ / Relationship of envelope antigens of animal influenza viruse...
Bulletin of the World Health Organization1969; 41(3); 429-435;

Relationship of envelope antigens of animal influenza viruses to human A2 influenza strains isolated in the years 1957-68.

Abstract: This study demonstrates relationships in envelope antigens of 4 human influenza A2 strains isolated during the period 1957-68 (including A2/Hong Kong/68), 2 strains of A/Equi-2/63 and 7 avian influenza viruses isolated in Europe, North America, and the Ukraine in the years 1960-67.Antigenic relationships among the strains were determined on the basis of haemagglutination-inhibition, virus-neutralization, strain-specific complement-fixation, and neuraminidase-inhibition tests.North American avian influenza strains, Turkey/California/64, Turkey/Massachusetts/65, Turkey/Wisconsin/66, Turkey/Ontario/6828/67, and the Italian strain Duck/Italy/574/66 are antigenically related to human A2 influenza viruses by haemagglutinin and/or neuraminidase. None of these viruses is antigenically related to the A/Equi-2/63 strains, Duck/Ukraine/2/60, Duck/Ukraine/1/63 or A2/Hong Kong/68. However, A2/Hong Kong/68 has neuraminidase similar to other A2 strains from previous years.A definite relationship was shown between the haemagglutinin of A/Equi-2/63, A2/Hong Kong/68, Duck/Ukraine/2/60 and Duck/Ukraine/1/63 strains by the use of hyperimmune sera in 3 different serological tests. Related neuraminidase was demonstrated only between A/Equi-2/63 and both duck strains from the Ukraine.The significance of these findings and their interpretation with respect to the ecology of influenza viruses are discussed.
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Publication Date: 1969-01-01 PubMed ID: 5309452PubMed Central: PMC2427726
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article showcases the comparative study of envelope antigens in human influenza and animal influenza viruses, exploring their antigenic relationships based on various serological tests.

Introduction to the research

  • The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationships among envelope antigens found in different influenza strains collected over a decade from 1957-1968.
  • The focus of the research was on four human influenza A2 strains (including A2/Hong Kong/68), two strains of A/Equi-2/63 (equine influenza), and seven avian influenza strains isolated in various geographical locations, namely Europe, North America, and Ukraine.

Methodology

  • The researchers looked for antigenic relationships among the different strains using a variety of serological tests. These tests included haemagglutination-inhibition, virus-neutralization, strain-specific complement-fixation, and neuraminidase-inhibition tests.
  • The objective of these tests was to ascertain which of these strains have similar antigens, indicating a potential genetic relationship or shared origin.

Key Research Findings

  • The researchers found that several North American avian influenza strains, as well as an Italian strain, are antigenically related to human A2 influenza viruses, as shown by their haemagglutinin and/or neuraminidase.
  • Interestingly, none of these related strains were found to be antigenically similar to the equine influenza strains A/Equi-2/63, Duck/Ukraine/2/60, Duck/Ukraine/1/63 or the human strain A2/Hong Kong/68.
  • Despite this, the researchers noted that A2/Hong Kong/68 does have neuraminidase similar to other A2 human influenza strains from previous years.
  • An unexpected finding was the identified relationship between the haemagglutinin of A/Equi-2/63, A2/Hong Kong/68, Duck/Ukraine/2/60 and Duck/Ukraine/1/63 strains, evidenced by the use of hyperimmune sera in different serological tests.
  • However, related neuraminidase was only found between A/Equi-2/63 and both duck strains from Ukraine.

Implicative Discussions and Interpretations

  • The study discusses the potential implications of these findings, and how they can shed light on the ecology and evolution of influenza viruses.
  • Suggestions are made on the possibility of a shared antigenic origin between the different strains, and how transformation of these strains might have occurred over time.
  • Understanding the antigenic relationships between different strains contributes significantly to our understanding of how influenza viruses evolve and spread, which can subsequently inform more effective influenza prevention and treatment strategies.

Cite This Article

APA
Tumova B, Easterday BC. (1969). Relationship of envelope antigens of animal influenza viruses to human A2 influenza strains isolated in the years 1957-68. Bull World Health Organ, 41(3), 429-435.

Publication

Bulletin of the World Health Organization
ISSN: 0042-9686
NlmUniqueID: 7507052
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 41
Issue: 3
Pages: 429-435

Researcher Affiliations

Tumova, B
    Easterday, B C

      MeSH Terms

      • Animals
      • Antigens
      • Birds
      • Ducks
      • Genetic Variation
      • Horses
      • Humans
      • Orthomyxoviridae / immunology
      • Orthomyxoviridae / isolation & purification
      • Species Specificity

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