Repeatability, reproducibility, and effect of head position on central venous pressure measurement in standing adult horses.
Abstract: Central venous pressure (CVP) is a used as an estimation of intravascular volume status in various species. Techniques for measuring CVP in horses have been described, but the repeatability of these readings at a single time point or over time has not been established. Objective: That CVP measurements in healthy adult horses would be repeatable at each time point, that these readings would be reproducible over time, and that alteration in head position relative to the heart would alter CVP. Methods: Ten healthy adult research horses. Methods: In an experimental study, horses were instrumented with a central venous catheter. Readings were taken in triplicate q6h for 2 days by water manometry, and twice daily with the head in neutral, elevated, and lowered positions by electronic manometry. Results: Variation in the "neutral" measurements obtained at each time point was <0.1 ± 1.0 cmH(2)O (P = .718). There was a significant decrease in CVP over time (P = .015), which was eliminated when results were controlled for acute decrease in body weight of -1.35% (presumed hypohydration because of lack of acclimatization and decreased water intake). Head height had a significant and directional effect on CVP in that the elevated head position decreased CVP -2.0 ± 6.5 cmH(2)O (P < .001) while the lowered head position increased CVP by 3.7 ± 5.5 cmH(2)O (P < .001). Conclusions: CVP values obtained by water manometry were repeatable in adult horses, but were reproducible only when controlled for changes in hydration. Care should be taken to maintain consistency in head position to prevent erroneous readings.
Copyright © 2011 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
Publication Date: 2011-03-24 PubMed ID: 21434999DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0701.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research explores the repeatability, reproducibility, and the influence of head position on central venous pressure (CVP) measurements in adult horses. The findings indicate that consistent measurement of CVP is possible, but results can be affected by the horse’s hydration level and head position.
Objective of the Study
- The study aimed to validate if Central Venous Pressure (CVP) measurements in healthy adult horses are repeatable and reproducible at each time point and over time respectively. Furthermore, the researchers aimed to determine if the change in head position relative to the heart would alter the CVP.
Methods
- The researchers conducted an experimental study on ten healthy adult research horses. The horses were fitted with a central venous catheter for measuring CVP.
- Readings were taken in triplicate every 6 hours for 2 days using water manometry. Additionally, measurements were taken twice daily with the horse’s head in neutral, elevated, and lowered positions by electronic manometry.
Results
- The variations in neutral position measurements at each time point were found to be minimal.
- A significant decrease in CVP over time was observed. However, this decrease was eliminated when the results were controlled for acute decrease in body weight, indicating this change could be attributed to presumed hypohydration caused due to lack of acclimatization and decreased water intake.
- Changes in the head’s height had a significant and directional effect on CVP – an elevated head position decreased CVP, while a lowered head position increased CVP.
Conclusions
- The results showed that CVP measurements taken by water manometry were repeatable in adult horses, but were only reproducible when controlled for changes in hydration.
- Any changes in head position could affect the accuracy of readings, therefore care should be taken to maintain consistency in head position during the measurement process to prevent erroneous readings.
Cite This Article
APA
Norton JL, Nolen-Walston RD, Underwood C, Boston R, Slack J, Dallap BL.
(2011).
Repeatability, reproducibility, and effect of head position on central venous pressure measurement in standing adult horses.
J Vet Intern Med, 25(3), 575-578.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0701.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Blood Pressure Determination / veterinary
- Central Venous Pressure / physiology
- Head
- Horses / physiology
- Posture / physiology
- Reproducibility of Results
Citations
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