[Respiratory support techniques in foals in a newborn intensive care unit for large animals].

The research article describes various respiratory support techniques for newborn foals facing breathing issues in large animal intensive care. It outlines how to evaluate respiratory function, the typical respiratory diseases newborn foals may encounter, and how to provide oxygen support and ventilation as well as manages nutrition, medications, and overall care for such foals.

Respiratory Assessment

• The study emphasizes that frequent arterial blood gas analysis is imperative for assessing the respiratory conditions of neonatal foals.
• It outlines the procedure for blood sampling from the metatarsal arteries and offers guidance on result interpretation.

Typical Respiratory Diseases

• It presents a list of diseases common in newborn foals that may cause hypoxemia (low blood oxygen) or hypercapnia (excessive carbon dioxide in the bloodstream).
• These diseases include apnea, hypopnea, pulmonary atelectasis, surfactant deficiency, meconium, fetal fluid and milk aspiration, maladjustment syndrome, cardiovascular abnormalities, anemia, airway obstruction, compromised lung expansion, increased abdominal pressure, and pneumonias.

Respiratory Support

• The paper details methods to deliver oxygen support to affected foals. This includes oxygen insufflation, which can be conducted through an intranasal tube.
• Positive pressure ventilation, recommended to be completed via an endotracheal tube, is presented as another respiratory support technique.

Enteral Nutrition and Drug Administration

• Apart from respiratory support, the article also discusses the need for a nasogastric tube for enteral nutrition, application of drugs, and checking for gastric reflux in the foals.
• It provides details on inserting endotracheal and nasogastric tubes.

Positive Pressure Ventilation

• The research article describes two methods to achieve positive pressure ventilation: manual ventilation using a rebreathing or resuscitator bag and mechanical ventilation with a respirator.

Management and Care

• The article concludes with a discussion on the management and control of mechanical ventilation, as well as the importance of intensive care and monitoring in foals.