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Home / Equine Research Bank / Free Radic Biol Med / Resveratrol and N-acetylcysteine influence redox balance in ...
Free radical biology & medicine2015; 86; 57-64; doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.008

Resveratrol and N-acetylcysteine influence redox balance in equine articular chondrocytes under acidic and very low oxygen conditions.

Abstract: Mature articular cartilage is an avascular tissue characterized by a low oxygen environment. In joint disease, acidosis and further reductions in oxygen levels occur, compromising cartilage integrity.This study investigated how acidosis and very low oxygen levels affect components of the cellular redox system in equine articular chondrocytesand whether the antioxidants resveratrol and N-acetylcysteine could modulate this system. We used articular chondrocytes isolated from nondiseased equine joints and cultured them in a 3-D alginate bead system for 48h in <1, 2, 5, and 21% O2 at pH 7.2 or 6.2 in the absence or presence of the proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1β (10ng/ml).In addition, chondrocytes were cultured with resveratrol (10µM) or N-acetylcysteine (NAC) (2mM).Cell viability, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) release, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), reactive oxygen species (ROS), GSH:GSSG ratio, and SOD1 and SOD2 protein expression were measured. Very low levels of oxygen (<1%), acidosis (pH 6.2), and exposure to IL-1β led to reductions in cell viability, increased GAG release, alterations in ΔΨm and ROS levels, and reduced GSH:GSSG ratio. In addition, SOD1 and SOD2 protein expressions were reduced. Both resveratrol and NAC partially restored ΔΨm and ROS levels and prevented GAG release and cell loss and normalized SOD1 and SOD2 protein expression. In particular NAC was highly effective at restoring the GSH:GSSG ratio.These results show that the antioxidants resveratrol and N-acetylcysteine can counteract the redox imbalance in articular chondrocytes induced by low oxygen and acidic conditions.
Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Publication Date: 2015-05-19 PubMed ID: 25998424PubMed Central: PMC4562226DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.008Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study investigates how low oxygen levels and acidic conditions impact cellular redox systems in horse joint cells, and whether the antioxidants resveratrol and N-acetylcysteine can positively change this system.

Context and Objective

  • This research is conducted in the context of understanding the degenerative effects of joint disease on articular cartilage, the avascular (bloodless) connective tissue found in joints.
  • Joint disease often results in acidic conditions and reduced oxygen levels in the area, compromising the integrity of the cartilage.
  • The objective of the study is to understand how these factors affect the balance of oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions in the chondrocytes (joint cells) of the horse, and whether antioxidants like resveratrol and N-acetylcysteine can modulate this system to combat the negative effects.

Methodology

  • Researchers isolated joint cells from healthy horse joints and cultured them in a 3-D alginate bead system for 48 hours in different oxygen levels and pH values.
  • Some cells were also cultured in the presence of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β and with either resveratrol or N-acetylcysteine to study their effects.
  • The team measured cell viability, release of glycosaminoglycan (a key molecule in cartilage), mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species levels, the GSH:GSSG ratio (indicators of oxidative stress), and expression of antioxidant proteins SOD1 and SOD2.

Results

  • Very low levels of oxygen, acidic conditions, and exposure to interleukin-1β decreased cell viability, increased glycosaminoglycan release, altered mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species levels, and reduced the GSH:GSSG ratio.
  • Both the antioxidants resveratrol and N-acetylcysteine partially restored these changes and prevented cell loss.
  • N-acetylcysteine was particularly effective at restoring the GSH:GSSG ratio, a key measure of oxidative stress in cells.

Conclusion

  • This study concludes that the antioxidants resveratrol and N-acetylcysteine can counteract the imbalances in redox reactions in chondrocytes caused by low oxygen levels and acidic conditions, which are common in joint diseases.

Cite This Article

APA
Collins JA, Moots RJ, Clegg PD, Milner PI. (2015). Resveratrol and N-acetylcysteine influence redox balance in equine articular chondrocytes under acidic and very low oxygen conditions. Free Radic Biol Med, 86, 57-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.008

Publication

Free radical biology & medicine
ISSN: 1873-4596
NlmUniqueID: 8709159
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 86
Pages: 57-64
PII: S0891-5849(15)00219-1

Researcher Affiliations

Collins, John A
  • Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Cheshire, UK, CH64 7TE.
Moots, Robert J
  • Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, UK, L9 7AL.
Clegg, Peter D
  • Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Cheshire, UK, CH64 7TE.
Milner, Peter I
  • Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Cheshire, UK, CH64 7TE. Electronic address: p.i.milner@liverpool.ac.uk.

MeSH Terms

  • Acetylcysteine / pharmacology
  • Animals
  • Antioxidants / pharmacology
  • Cartilage, Articular / cytology
  • Cell Hypoxia
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Chondrocytes / drug effects
  • Chondrocytes / metabolism
  • Glutathione / metabolism
  • Glycosaminoglycans / metabolism
  • Horses
  • Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
  • Interleukin-1 / physiology
  • Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial
  • Resveratrol
  • Stilbenes / pharmacology
  • Superoxide Dismutase / metabolism
  • Superoxide Dismutase-1

Grant Funding

  • MR/K006312/1 / Medical Research Council
  • BB/F017502/1 / Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council

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