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Equine veterinary journal2007; 39(5); 470-478; doi: 10.2746/042516407x209217

Rhodococcus equi infection in foals: the science of ‘rattles’.

Abstract: Infection with Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi is a well-recognised condition in foals that represents a consistent and serious risk worldwide. The condition manifests itself primarily as one of pulmonary abscessation and bronchitis, hence the terminology of 'rattles' derived from its most obvious clinical sign, frequently terminal when first identified. This review addresses the clinical manifestation, bacteriology and pathogenesis of the condition together with recent developments providing knowledge of the organism in terms of virulence, epidemiology, transmission and immune responses. Enhanced understanding of R. equi virulence mechanisms and biology derived from the recently available genome sequence may facilitate the rational development of a vaccine and the improvement of farm management practices used to control R. equi on stud farms in the future. Reliance on vaccines alone, in the absence of management strategies to control the on-farm challenge is likely to be disappointing.
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Publication Date: 2007-10-04 PubMed ID: 17910275DOI: 10.2746/042516407x209217Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The research article deals with the study of Rhodococcus equi infection in foals, its clinical manifestations, bacteriology, pathogenesis, and possible mitigation strategies, including vaccine development and improved farm management practices.

Understanding the Rhodococcus equi Infection

The infection, commonly referred to as ‘rattles,’ is caused by Rhodococcus equi, a bacteria that’s recognized globally for posing a significant and constant threat to foals. Predominantly, the infection results in pulmonary abscessation and bronchitis in young horses.

  • The research reviews the clinical manifestation of ‘rattles,’ which often results in severe health problems for the affected foals and is often terminal when first identified.
  • The bacteria presents a consistent risk to the global equine population, suggesting a critical need for effective treatment and prevention measures.

Rhodococcus equi Bacteriology and Pathogenesis

Understanding the bacterial structure and workings of the R. equi organism is crucial to creating effective control measures.

  • The paper delves into the bacteriology of R. equi to identify how the organism propagates and impacts the health of foals.
  • The study also dives deep into the pathogenesis of the condition, laying bare the process of development and progression of the disease in the young horse’s body.

Recent Developments and Improved Knowledge

The research discusses novel insights deriving from the currently available genome sequence.

  • The genome sequence of R. equi has been recently available, offering scientists the opportunity to understand the bacterium’s virulence mechanisms and biology in depth.
  • This has facilitated better knowledge regarding the bacterium’s virulence, epidemiology, transmission, and immune responses it triggers within the host.

The Path Ahead: Vaccines and Farm Management

The future control of Rhodococcus equi infection in foals will likely rely on a blend of strategies addressing various facets of the challenge.

  • Derived from the understanding of R. equi’s virulence mechanisms, scientists may be able to rationally design a vaccine. This could significantly enhance disease control by strengthening the immune response in foals.
  • However, the research emphasizes that relying solely on vaccines may not be sufficient. There is therefore a crucial need for effective farm management practices. This would include strategies to control and reduce on-farm challenges, minimizing the transmission of the infectious agent.

Cite This Article

APA
Muscatello G, Leadon DP, Klayt M, Ocampo-Sosa A, Lewis DA, Fogarty U, Buckley T, Gilkerson JR, Meijer WG, Vazquez-Boland JA. (2007). Rhodococcus equi infection in foals: the science of ‘rattles’. Equine Vet J, 39(5), 470-478. https://doi.org/10.2746/042516407x209217

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 0425-1644
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 39
Issue: 5
Pages: 470-478

Researcher Affiliations

Muscatello, G
  • Equine Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
Leadon, D P
    Klayt, M
      Ocampo-Sosa, A
        Lewis, D A
          Fogarty, U
            Buckley, T
              Gilkerson, J R
                Meijer, W G
                  Vazquez-Boland, J A

                    MeSH Terms

                    • Actinomycetales Infections / diagnosis
                    • Actinomycetales Infections / microbiology
                    • Actinomycetales Infections / transmission
                    • Actinomycetales Infections / veterinary
                    • Animals
                    • Animals, Newborn
                    • Bacterial Vaccines
                    • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
                    • Horse Diseases / microbiology
                    • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
                    • Horse Diseases / transmission
                    • Horses
                    • Rhodococcus equi / genetics
                    • Rhodococcus equi / pathogenicity
                    • Risk Factors
                    • Virulence

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