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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Vet Intern Med / Risk Factors for Equine Gastric Glandular Disease: A Case-Co...
Journal of veterinary internal medicine2016; 30(4); 1270-1275; doi: 10.1111/jvim.14370

Risk Factors for Equine Gastric Glandular Disease: A Case-Control Study in a Finnish Referral Hospital Population.

Abstract: Equine gastric glandular disease (EGGD) is a term used to classify erosive and ulcerative diseases of the glandular mucosa of the equine stomach. Epidemiologic studies of risk factors for EGGD have not been reported. Objective: To determine risk factors for EGGD. Methods: Cases (n = 83) had endoscopic evidence of EGGD; controls (n = 34) included healthy horses and horses with equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD) without EGGD. Methods: Retrospective case-control study. The data were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression modeling. Analysis was performed on the full dataset. An additional analysis compared horses with glandular lesions (n = 43) against healthy horses (n = 22). Results: On first analysis, Warmblood breed (OR = 13.9, 95% CI 2.2-90.9, P = .005) and an increasing number of caretakers (OR = 7.3, 95% CI 0.98-55.6, P = .053) were associated with an increased risk of EGGD. On analysis of the subset of data, Warmblood breed (OR = 28.6, 95% CI 2.96-250.0, P = .004) and increasing number of riders (OR = 12.99, 95% CI 0.94-166.7, P = .056) were risk factors. The presence of sand in the colon appeared to have a protective effect against EGGD (OR = 0.195, 95% CI 0.04-1.0, P = .051 for sand versus not having sand). Conclusions: This study suggests that Warmbloods are predisposed to EGGD and multiple handlers/riders might increase the risk of EGGD. Identification of risk factors allows speculation on potential pathophysiological mechanisms of EGGD.
Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
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Publication Date: 2016-07-28 PubMed ID: 27461724PubMed Central: PMC5108429DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14370Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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This research study investigated the risk factors of equine gastric glandular disease (EGGD) in horses, finding that the Warmblood breed and multiple caretakers were associated with higher EGGD risk, while the presence of sand in the colon may potentially act as a protective factor.

Introduction to Equine Gastric Glandular Disease (EGGD)

  • Equine Gastric Glandular Disease (EGGD) is a medical condition in horses, generally involving the erosion or ulceration of the glandular mucosa within their stomachs. The causes and risk factors of EGGD have not been thoroughly documented in previous research, which this study aims to redress.

Research Methodology

  • The researchers conducted a retrospective case-control study on a selection of horses with endoscopic evidence of EGGD (cases) and healthy horses or horses with equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD) but without EGGD (controls). The number of cases was much higher than the controls (83 versus 34 respectively).
  • Data from the study were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression modeling. The researchers performed comprehensive analysis on all of the collected data, along with a separate analysis which only compared horses with glandular lesions to the healthy horses in the control group.

Results and Findings

  • The research revealed considerable findings on the correlation between EGGD and the Warmblood breed of horses, showing that the breed has a significantly increased risk of developing EGGD. In the full dataset, the odds ratio (OR) for Warmbloods was estimated to be 13.9, whilst in the subset analysis, the OR increased to 28.6.
  • The study also determined that an increasing number of caretakers was a risk factor associated with EGGD. The odds ratio for this risk increased as the number of caretakers increased.
  • Interestingly, the researchers found that sand in the colon of the horse seemed to have a protective effect against EGGD. The “sand versus not having sand” had an odds ratio of 0.195, suggesting a lower risk for horses with sand in their colon.

Conclusion

  • The findings suggest that certain breeds, specifically Warmbloods, may be more predisposed to EGGD than others. It also implies that managing horses by a single caretaker as opposed to multiple handlers may reduce the likelihood of horses developing EGGD.
  • Despite these suggestive results, the study calls for further areas of research to confirm its findings and to better understand the potential pathophysiological mechanisms behind EGGD.

Cite This Article

APA
Mönki J, Hewetson M, Virtala AM. (2016). Risk Factors for Equine Gastric Glandular Disease: A Case-Control Study in a Finnish Referral Hospital Population. J Vet Intern Med, 30(4), 1270-1275. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.14370

Publication

Journal of veterinary internal medicine
ISSN: 1939-1676
NlmUniqueID: 8708660
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 30
Issue: 4
Pages: 1270-1275

Researcher Affiliations

Mönki, J
  • Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Hewetson, M
  • Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa.
Virtala, A-M K
  • Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Finland / epidemiology
  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
  • Horse Diseases / etiology
  • Horse Diseases / pathology
  • Horses
  • Multivariate Analysis
  • Odds Ratio
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Stomach Diseases / etiology
  • Stomach Diseases / pathology
  • Stomach Diseases / veterinary

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Citations

This article has been cited 9 times.
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