Role of lipids in the transmission of the infective stage (L3) of Strongylus vulgaris (Nematoda: Strongylida).
Abstract: Infective larvae (L3) of Strongylus vulgaris have limited energy stores for host finding and for infection. For transmission to occur, the larvae must have sufficient energy to (a) migrate onto grass, where they are ingested by their equine host (host finding), and (b) penetrate into the host gut. This study is designed to test the hypothesis that L3 larvae of S. vulgaris partition their energy stores between locomotory activity (used in host finding) and infection activity (penetration). Chronic locomotory activity was stimulated by incubating S. vulgaris L3 larvae at a constant temperature (38 C). After 8 days of treatment, locomotory activity ceased (exhaustion). Exhausted L3 larvae had significantly decreased total lipid when compared to controls (P < 0.05), but there was no decrease in levels of protein of carbohydrate. Lipids of S. vulgaris L3 larvae are comprised of 9 fatty acids, some of which are depleted in exhausted worms (14:0, 14:1, 16:0, 16:1, 18:1, 18:2), whereas others (18:0, 20:4, 24:0) remain unchanged. These data suggest that specific fatty acids provide the energy source for locomotory activity in S. vulgaris. Exhausted L3 larvae were also less able to penetrate host cecal tissue in in vitro penetration assays when compared to controls (P < 0.05), suggesting that the depletion of individual fatty acids during locomotory activity also reduced infectivity. These data do not support the hypothesis that S. vulgaris L3 larvae partition their energy stores between host-finding and infection activities. A comparison of lipid storage profiles in the L3 larvae of 4 nematode species with similar transmission strategies (S. vulgaris, Strongylus edentatus, Strongylus equinus, and Haemonchus contortus) revealed similarities in the fatty acid composition of these species. These data suggest a relationship between transmission patterns and energy storage strategies in the L3 larvae of nematode parasites of vertebrates.
Publication Date: 1997-10-29 PubMed ID: 9379277
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research studied the role of lipids in the energy reserves of Strongylus vulgaris larvae, and how they are used in locomotion and infection processes. It was observed that specific fatty acids provide energy for the larvae’s movement and their depletion affects the larvae’s ability to infect hosts. The study didn’t find evidence to support the hypothesis that larvae divide their energy reserves between finding a host and the infection process.
Understanding the Strongylus vulgaris Larvae and the Use of Lipids
- The research begins by setting the context of how the infective larvae of Strongylus vulgaris, a type of roundworm, operate. These larvae have limited energy supplies, meaning they need to efficiently utilize their resources to find a host (equine in this case), get ingested, and then infect the gut of the host.
- The research aimed to see whether these larvae partition their energy reserves between movement (needed for finding a host) and the actual infection process.
- To test this, the movement activity of the larvae was stimulated by keeping them at a constant temperature. After a period of eight days, the larvae stopped moving, suggesting they had exhausted their energy reserves.
- It was observed that these “exhausted” larvae had a significant decrease in their total lipid levels compared to the control group. However, this reduction was not observed in protein or carbohydrate levels. This indicated that specific fatty acids provide the energy for the larvae’s movement.
Impact of Lipid Depletion on the Infection Ability of Larvae
- The larvae that had exhausted their energy reserves were also tested for their ability to infect hosts. These larvae were found to be less effective in their ability to penetrate the hosts’ cecal tissue compared to the control group.
- This shows a direct link between the depletion of specific fatty acids used in locomotion and the larvae’s ability to infect hosts. .
- Drawing from this data, the researchers concluded that the initial hypothesis (that the larvae partition their energy between movement and infection) isn’t supported.
Comparison of Different Nematode Species
- The last part of the study examined the lipid storage profiles of larvae from four different types of nematodes (S. vulgaris, Strongylus edentatus, Strongylus equinus, and Haemonchus contortus).
- Similarities were observed in the fatty acid composition of these larvae, suggesting that there might be a connection between transmission strategies and energy storage strategies in various nematode parasites of vertebrates.
Cite This Article
APA
Medica DL, Sukhdeo MV.
(1997).
Role of lipids in the transmission of the infective stage (L3) of Strongylus vulgaris (Nematoda: Strongylida).
J Parasitol, 83(5), 775-779.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Carbohydrate Metabolism
- Energy Metabolism / physiology
- Glycogen / metabolism
- Haemonchus / metabolism
- Haemonchus / physiology
- Helminth Proteins / metabolism
- Larva / metabolism
- Larva / physiology
- Lipid Metabolism
- Lipids / physiology
- Locomotion / physiology
- Strongylus / metabolism
- Strongylus / physiology
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Chylinski C, Lherminé E, Coquille M, Cabaret J. Desiccation tolerance of gastrointestinal nematode third-stage larvae: exploring the effects on survival and fitness. Parasitol Res 2014 Aug;113(8):2789-96.
- Abubucker S, Zarlenga DS, Martin J, Yin Y, Wang Z, McCarter JP, Gasbarree L, Wilson RK, Mitreva M. The transcriptomes of the cattle parasitic nematode Ostertagia ostartagi. Vet Parasitol 2009 May 26;162(1-2):89-99.
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