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EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority2024; 22(7); e8907; doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8907

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil obtained from the fruit of Apium graveolens L. (celery seed oil) for all animal species (FEFANA asbl).

Abstract: Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of an essential oil obtained from the fruit of L. (celery seed oil), when used as a sensory additive in feed and water for drinking for all animal species. The EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) Panel concluded that the use of celery seed oil is of no concern up to the following concentrations in complete feed: 1.6 mg/kg for chickens for fattening, 2.3 mg/kg for laying hens, 2.1 mg/kg for turkeys for fattening, 2.8 mg/kg for piglets, 3.3 mg/kg for pigs for fattening, 4.1 mg/kg for sows, 6.5 mg/kg for veal calves (milk replacer), 6.2 mg/kg for cattle for fattening, sheep, goats and horses, 4.0 mg/kg for dairy cows, 2.5 mg/kg for rabbits, 6.8 mg/kg for salmonids and 7.2 mg/kg for dogs. These conclusions were extrapolated to other physiologically related species. For cats, ornamental fish and other species, no conclusion can be drawn. The use of celery seed oil in animals feed is not expected to pose concern for the consumers and for the environment. The additive under assessment should be considered as an irritant to skin and eyes, and as a respiratory and skin sensitiser. When handling the essential oil, exposure of unprotected users to perillaldehyde and bergapten may occur. Therefore, to reduce the risk, the exposure of the users should be minimised. Since and its preparations were recognised to flavour food and its function in feed would be essentially the same as that in food, no further demonstration of efficacy was considered necessary.
© 2024 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.
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Publication Date: 2024-07-25 PubMed ID: 39055667PubMed Central: PMC11270010DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8907Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

Overview

  • This research article evaluates the safety and efficacy of celery seed oil, an essential oil extracted from Apium graveolens L., as a sensory additive in animal feed and drinking water for all animal species.
  • The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) assessed whether celery seed oil is safe for animals, consumers, users, and the environment when used at specific concentrations in animal feed.

Purpose of the Research

  • To investigate if celery seed oil can be safely added to the feed and water of all animal species to improve sensory qualities.
  • To determine the maximum safe concentration levels for a variety of animal species.
  • To assess any risk to animals, consumers of animal products, users handling the additive, and the environment.
  • To confirm if efficacy evaluation is needed given that celery seed oil is commonly used as a flavoring agent in human food.

Safety Assessment for Animals

  • The EFSA Panel defined safe maximum concentrations of celery seed oil in complete feed for different animal categories:
    • Chickens for fattening: 1.6 mg/kg
    • Laying hens: 2.3 mg/kg
    • Turkeys for fattening: 2.1 mg/kg
    • Piglets: 2.8 mg/kg
    • Pigs for fattening: 3.3 mg/kg
    • Sows: 4.1 mg/kg
    • Veal calves (milk replacer): 6.5 mg/kg
    • Cattle for fattening, sheep, goats, horses: 6.2 mg/kg
    • Dairy cows: 4.0 mg/kg
    • Rabbits: 2.5 mg/kg
    • Salmonids (fish): 6.8 mg/kg
    • Dogs: 7.2 mg/kg
  • These levels are considered safe and extrapolated for other closely related species.
  • No conclusions could be reached regarding safety for cats, ornamental fish, and other unspecified species, indicating a need for further research in these groups.

Safety for Consumers and the Environment

  • Use of celery seed oil in animal feed is not expected to produce residues that risk consumer health.
  • The additive is considered safe for the environment with no significant concerns identified.

User Safety Concerns

  • Celery seed oil is identified as an irritant to skin and eyes and can act as a respiratory and skin sensitiser.
  • While handling, users may be exposed to compounds such as perillaldehyde and bergapten, which pose potential health risks.
  • Recommended measures include minimizing exposure through protective equipment and proper handling procedures to reduce risks to workers.

Efficacy Considerations

  • Celery seed oil and its preparations are already recognised for their flavoring properties in human food.
  • Because the flavoring function in animal feed would be essentially the same, no additional efficacy studies were required.

Conclusion

  • The EFSA FEEDAP Panel concluded that celery seed oil can be safely used as a sensory additive within specified concentration limits for a wide range of animal species.
  • The additive is safe for animals, consumers, and the environment but requires cautious handling to protect the users.
  • Its known flavoring properties support its use in animal feed without needing further efficacy demonstration.

Cite This Article

APA
Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos ML, Christensen H, Durjava M, Kouba M, López-Alonso M, López Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechová A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Aquilina G, Brantom P, Chesson A, Schlatter J, Westendorf J, Dirven Y, Manini P, Pizzo F, Dusemund B. (2024). Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil obtained from the fruit of Apium graveolens L. (celery seed oil) for all animal species (FEFANA asbl). EFSA J, 22(7), e8907. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8907

Publication

EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority
ISSN: 1831-4732
NlmUniqueID: 101642076
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 22
Issue: 7
Pages: e8907
PII: e8907

Researcher Affiliations

Bampidis, Vasileios
    Azimonti, Giovanna
      Bastos, Maria de Lourdes
        Christensen, Henrik
          Durjava, Mojca
            Kouba, Maryline
              López-Alonso, Marta
                López Puente, Secundino
                  Marcon, Francesca
                    Mayo, Baltasar
                      Pechová, Alena
                        Petkova, Mariana
                          Ramos, Fernando
                            Villa, Roberto Edoardo
                              Woutersen, Ruud
                                Aquilina, Gabriele
                                  Brantom, Paul
                                    Chesson, Andrew
                                      Schlatter, Josef
                                        Westendorf, Johannes
                                          Dirven, Yvette
                                            Manini, Paola
                                              Pizzo, Fabiola
                                                Dusemund, Birgit

                                                  Conflict of Interest Statement

                                                  If you wish to access the declaration of interests of any expert contributing to an EFSA scientific assessment, please contact interestmanagement@efsa.europa.eu.

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                                                  Citations

                                                  This article has been cited 1 times.
                                                  1. Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos ML, Christensen H, Durjava M, Dusemund B, Kouba M, López-Alonso M, López Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechová A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Brantom P, Chesson A, Schlatter J, Westendorf J, Manini P, Pizzo F, Dusemund B. Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil obtained from the fruit of Carum carvi L. (caraway oil) for all animal species (FEFANA asbl).. EFSA J 2024 Jul;22(7):e8906.
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