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EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority2024; 22(7); e8906; doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8906

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil obtained from the fruit of Carum carvi L. (caraway oil) for all animal species (FEFANA asbl).

Abstract: Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of an essential oil obtained from the fruit of L. (caraway oil), when used as a sensory additive in feed and water for drinking for all animal species. The EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) Panel concluded that the use of caraway oil is of no concern up to the following concentrations in complete feed: 9 mg/kg for chickens for fattening, 13 mg/kg for laying hens, 12 mg/kg for turkeys for fattening, 16 mg/kg for piglets, 19 mg/kg for pigs for fattening, 24 mg/kg for sows, 35 mg/kg for veal calves (milk replacer), 11 mg/kg for cattle for fattening, 10 mg/kg for dairy cows, sheep, goats, horses and rabbits, 25 mg/kg for salmonids and dogs. These conclusions were extrapolated to other physiologically related species. For cats, ornamental fish and other species, no conclusion can be drawn. The use of caraway oil in animal feed under the proposed conditions of use is safe for the consumer and the environment. The additive under assessment should be considered as an irritant to skin and eyes, and as a respiratory and skin sensitiser. When handling the essential oil, exposure of unprotected users to perillaldehyde may occur. Therefore, to reduce the risk, the exposure of the users should be minimised. Since and its preparations were recognised to flavour food and its function in feed would be essentially the same as that in food, no further demonstration of efficacy was considered necessary.
© 2024 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.
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Publication Date: 2024-07-31 PubMed ID: 39086459PubMed Central: PMC11289620DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8906Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

Overview

  • The research evaluates the safety and effectiveness of caraway essential oil as an additive in animal feed and drinking water for various animal species.
  • The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) concludes that caraway oil is safe at specific concentrations for different animal species and is effective as a flavoring agent without additional testing.

Background and Purpose of the Study

  • The European Commission requested EFSA to assess an essential oil obtained from the fruit of Carum carvi L. (caraway oil) when used as a sensory additive (flavoring agent) in animal feed and water.
  • The goal was to ensure the additive is safe for animals, consumers of animal products, and the environment, and to determine if it is effective for its intended purpose.

Safety Assessment

  • EFSA’s Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) assessed the oil’s safety across numerous animal species.
  • Specific maximum safe concentrations in complete feed were identified for the following species:
    • Chickens for fattening: 9 mg/kg
    • Laying hens: 13 mg/kg
    • Turkeys for fattening: 12 mg/kg
    • Piglets: 16 mg/kg
    • Pigs for fattening: 19 mg/kg
    • Sows: 24 mg/kg
    • Veal calves (milk replacer): 35 mg/kg
    • Cattle for fattening: 11 mg/kg
    • Dairy cows, sheep, goats, horses, rabbits: 10 mg/kg
    • Salmonids: 25 mg/kg
    • Dogs: 25 mg/kg
  • These safety levels were extrapolated to other physiologically related species.
  • For cats, ornamental fish, and some other species, data were insufficient to draw any safety conclusions.
  • The use of caraway oil in feed under these conditions was found to be safe for:
    • The consuming public (humans eating animal products)
    • The environment

User Safety

  • Caraway oil is considered an irritant to skin and eyes.
  • It can act as a respiratory and skin sensitizer, potentially causing allergic reactions on exposure.
  • Unprotected users handling the essential oil may be exposed to perillaldehyde, a component of the oil, which poses additional health risks.
  • Recommendations were provided to minimize user exposure to reduce these risks, such as using protective equipment and safe handling practices.

Efficacy Assessment

  • Since caraway oil and its preparations are recognized as flavoring agents in human food, its flavoring role in animal feed is assumed to be the same.
  • Therefore, the panel deemed no further efficacy demonstration necessary for its use as a sensory additive in animal feed.

Conclusions

  • Caraway essential oil is safe for a wide range of animal species at specified maximum concentrations in feed.
  • The oil is safe for consumers and the environment when used as proposed.
  • Attention must be given to user safety because the additive can be an irritant and sensitizer; risk mitigation strategies should be implemented.
  • The use of caraway oil as a flavoring additive in animal feed is effective based on its established role in human food.

Cite This Article

APA
Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos ML, Christensen H, Durjava M, Dusemund B, Kouba M, López-Alonso M, López Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechová A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Brantom P, Chesson A, Schlatter J, Westendorf J, Manini P, Pizzo F, Dusemund B. (2024). Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil obtained from the fruit of Carum carvi L. (caraway oil) for all animal species (FEFANA asbl). EFSA J, 22(7), e8906. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8906

Publication

EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority
ISSN: 1831-4732
NlmUniqueID: 101642076
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 22
Issue: 7
Pages: e8906
PII: e8906

Researcher Affiliations

Bampidis, Vasileios
    Azimonti, Giovanna
      Bastos, Maria de Lourdes
        Christensen, Henrik
          Durjava, Mojca
            Dusemund, Birgit
              Kouba, Maryline
                López-Alonso, Marta
                  López Puente, Secundino
                    Marcon, Francesca
                      Mayo, Baltasar
                        Pechová, Alena
                          Petkova, Mariana
                            Ramos, Fernando
                              Villa, Roberto Edoardo
                                Woutersen, Ruud
                                  Brantom, Paul
                                    Chesson, Andrew
                                      Schlatter, Josef
                                        Westendorf, Johannes
                                          Manini, Paola
                                            Pizzo, Fabiola
                                              Dusemund, Birgit

                                                Conflict of Interest Statement

                                                If you wish to access the declaration of interests of any expert contributing to an EFSA scientific assessment, please contact interestmanagement@efsa.europa.eu.

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