Scanning and transmission electron microscopic study of equine infectious anemia virus.
Abstract: Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to study in detail the morphogenesis and replication of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) in cultured, persistently infected equine fetal kidney fibroblasts. The EIAV was shown by thin-section electron microscopy to resemble morphologically more closely the members of the genus Lenti-virus in the family Retroviridae than other genera. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated budding virus on only about 5% of the equine fetal kidney fibroblasts; however, the entire surface of these cells was involved in viral replication. Except where virus budding was observed, EIAV-infected cells were smooth and free of the topographic surface alterations characteristic of cells transformed by type C retroviruses. The morphologic relationship of EIAV and pathologic manifestations of EIAV infection to those of other Retroviridae are discussed.
Publication Date: 1978-05-01 PubMed ID: 215061
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- P.H.S.
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The research study uses scanning and transmission electron microscopy to examine the development and replication processes of equine infectious anemia virus in equine fetal kidney fibroblasts. The microscopic findings suggest that the virus closely resembles the lenti-virus genus in the Retroviridae family in terms of morphology, with only a small percentage of the cells exhibiting virus budding.
Study Methodology
- The researchers used scanning and transmission electron microscopy – a method that uses electrons instead of light to form a magnified image of a specimen – to study the Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV).
- The study was conducted on cultured, persistently infected equine fetal kidney fibroblasts – cells responsible for producing connective tissue in horses.
Key Findings
- Utilizing thin-section electron microscopy, the researchers found that the EIAV morphologically resembles members of the Lentivirus genus in the Retroviridae family, rather than other genuses. This suggests that the EIAV may share characteristics or development mechanisms with Lentiviruses.
- Scanning electron microscopy revealed that virus budding – a part of the virus life cycle where a new virion exits the host cell – was present on roughly 5% of the equine fetal kidney fibroblasts. However, while only few cells displayed this phenomenon, the entire surface of these particular cells was involved in viral replication.
- The study also indicates that EIAV-infected cells were generally smooth and did not exhibit the topographic surface alterations usually characteristic of cells transformed by type C retroviruses. This observation adds to the distinctness of EIAV relative to other subfamilies in Retroviridae.
Relation to Pathology
- The research additionally describes the morphologic relationship of EIAV and the subsequent pathological implications to those of other Retroviridae.
- Understanding the morphology of the EIAV and its replication process is valuable in recognizing how the virus contributes to disease, developing diagnostics, and creating potential vaccines or treatments..
Cite This Article
APA
Gonda MA, Charman HP, Walker JL, Coggins L.
(1978).
Scanning and transmission electron microscopic study of equine infectious anemia virus.
Am J Vet Res, 39(5), 731-740.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Cells, Cultured
- Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / growth & development
- Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / ultrastructure
- Microscopy, Electron
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
- Virus Replication
Citations
This article has been cited 13 times.- Baccam P, Thompson RJ, Li Y, Sparks WO, Belshan M, Dorman KS, Wannemuehler Y, Oaks JL, Cornette JL, Carpenter S. Subpopulations of equine infectious anemia virus Rev coexist in vivo and differ in phenotype. J Virol 2003 Nov;77(22):12122-31.
- Sellon DC. Equine infectious anemia. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 1993 Aug;9(2):321-36.
- Sellon DC, Fuller FJ, McGuire TC. The immunopathogenesis of equine infectious anemia virus. Virus Res 1994 May;32(2):111-38.
- Orenstein JM, Meltzer MS, Phipps T, Gendelman HE. Cytoplasmic assembly and accumulation of human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 in recombinant human colony-stimulating factor-1-treated human monocytes: an ultrastructural study. J Virol 1988 Aug;62(8):2578-86.
- Carpenter S, Evans LH, Sevoian M, Chesebro B. Role of the host immune response in selection of equine infectious anemia virus variants. J Virol 1987 Dec;61(12):3783-9.
- Gonda MA, Braun MJ, Clements JE, Pyper JM, Wong-Staal F, Gallo RC, Gilden RV. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III shares sequence homology with a family of pathogenic lentiviruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1986 Jun;83(11):4007-11.
- Whetter L, Archambault D, Perry S, Gazit A, Coggins L, Yaniv A, Clabough D, Dahlberg J, Fuller F, Tronick S. Equine infectious anemia virus derived from a molecular clone persistently infects horses. J Virol 1990 Dec;64(12):5750-6.
- Stephens RM, Derse D, Rice NR. Cloning and characterization of cDNAs encoding equine infectious anemia virus tat and putative Rev proteins. J Virol 1990 Aug;64(8):3716-25.
- Clabough DL, Gebhard D, Flaherty MT, Whetter LE, Perry ST, Coggins L, Fuller FJ. Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia in horses infected with equine infectious anemia virus. J Virol 1991 Nov;65(11):6242-51.
- Sellon DC, Perry ST, Coggins L, Fuller FJ. Wild-type equine infectious anemia virus replicates in vivo predominantly in tissue macrophages, not in peripheral blood monocytes. J Virol 1992 Oct;66(10):5906-13.
- Perry ST, Flaherty MT, Kelley MJ, Clabough DL, Tronick SR, Coggins L, Whetter L, Lengel CR, Fuller F. The surface envelope protein gene region of equine infectious anemia virus is not an important determinant of tropism in vitro. J Virol 1992 Jul;66(7):4085-97.
- Klevjer-Anderson P, Cheevers WP, Crawford TB. Characterization of the infection of equine fibroblasts by equine infectious anemia virus. Arch Virol 1979;60(3-4):279-89.
- Stowring L, Haase AT, Charman HP. Serological definition of the lentivirus group of retroviruses. J Virol 1979 Feb;29(2):523-8.
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
