FREE SHIPPING over $40
Horse Supplements USA English
Horse Supplements Canada EnglishSuppléments Équins Canada French
My Account
View Cart My Horses Track Orders Account Details My Subscriptions Update Address Payment Methods
Register/Login
0
Home/Equine Research Bank/J Virol/Equine infectious anemia virus derived from a molecular clon...
Journal of virology1990; 64(12); 5750-5756; doi: 10.1128/JVI.64.12.5750-5756.1990

Equine infectious anemia virus derived from a molecular clone persistently infects horses.

Abstract: A full-length molecular clone of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) was isolated from a persistently infected canine fetal thymus cell line (Cf2Th). Upon transfection of equine dermis cells, the clone, designated CL22, yielded infectious EIAV particles (CL22-V) that replicated in vitro in both Cf2Th cells and an equine dermis cell strain. Horses infected with CL22-V developed an antibody response to viral proteins and possessed viral DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, as determined by polymerase chain reaction assays. In addition, horses infected with CL22-V became persistently infected and were capable of transmitting the infection by transfer of whole blood to uninfected horses. However, CL22-V, like the parental canine cell-adapted virus, did not cause clinical signs in infected horses. Reverse transcriptase assays of CL22-V- and virulent EIAV-infected equine mononuclear cell cultures indicated that the lack of virulence of CL22-V was not due to an inability to infect and replicate in equine mononuclear cells in vitro.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 1990-12-01 PubMed ID: 2173767PubMed Central: PMC248720DOI: 10.1128/JVI.64.12.5750-5756.1990Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedIn
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support
  • U.S. Gov't
  • P.H.S.

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article primarily discusses the successful replication of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV) through a full-length molecular clone isolated from the Cf2Th cell line, and its subsequent ability to cause persistent infection in horses without generating any clinical signs of the disease.

Isolation and Transfection of EIAV Molecular Clone

  • The researchers managed to isolate a full-length molecular clone of EIAV from a persistently infected canine fetal thymus (Cf2Th) cell line. The clone was named CL22.
  • The CL22 clone was then transfected into equine dermis cells, where it produced infectious EIAV particles, referred to as CL22-V.
  • The study confirmed that CL22-V can replicate in vitro, both in Cf2Th cells and an equine dermis cell strain.

Infection and Transmission in Horses

  • Horses infected with CL22-V developed an antibody response, and viral DNA was detected in their peripheral blood mononuclear cells through polymerase chain reaction assays.
  • The infected horses became persistently infected with EIAV and were capable of transmitting the infection to other, uninfected horses through the transfer of whole blood.
  • Notably, the researchers observed that, similar to the original canine cell-adapted virus, CL22-V did not cause any clinical signs in infected horses, meaning the infection was asymptomatic.

Assessment of Virulence

  • The lack of clinical signs in horses infected with CL22-V was not due to its inability to infect and replicate in equine mononuclear cells in vitro.
  • To confirm this, reverse transcriptase assays were performed on CL22-V and virulent EIAV-infected equine mononuclear cell cultures, which indicated that the clone was capable of replicating within these cells.
  • Therefore, the asymptomatic nature of the CL22-V infection may be a unique trait, and not due to a lack of virulence or replication capacity.

Cite This Article

APA
Whetter L, Archambault D, Perry S, Gazit A, Coggins L, Yaniv A, Clabough D, Dahlberg J, Fuller F, Tronick S. (1990). Equine infectious anemia virus derived from a molecular clone persistently infects horses. J Virol, 64(12), 5750-5756. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.64.12.5750-5756.1990

Publication

Journal of virology
ISSN: 0022-538X
NlmUniqueID: 0113724
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 64
Issue: 12
Pages: 5750-5756

Researcher Affiliations

Whetter, L
  • Department of Microbiology, Pathology & Parasitology, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh 27606.
Archambault, D
    Perry, S
      Gazit, A
        Coggins, L
          Yaniv, A
            Clabough, D
              Dahlberg, J
                Fuller, F
                  Tronick, S

                    MeSH Terms

                    • Animals
                    • Base Sequence
                    • Cells, Cultured
                    • Cloning, Molecular
                    • Equine Infectious Anemia / microbiology
                    • Genes, Viral
                    • Horses / microbiology
                    • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / genetics
                    • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / isolation & purification
                    • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / physiology
                    • Molecular Sequence Data
                    • Polymerase Chain Reaction
                    • Proviruses / genetics
                    • Proviruses / isolation & purification
                    • Skin
                    • Transfection
                    • Virus Replication

                    Grant Funding

                    • R01-AI24904 / NIAID NIH HHS

                    References

                    This article includes 35 references
                    1. Kemeny LJ, Mott LO, Pearson JE. Titration of equine infectious anemia virus. Effect of dosage on incubation time and clinical signs.. Cornell Vet 1971 Oct;61(4):687-95.
                      pubmed: 4330637
                    2. McGuire TC, Crawford TB, Henson JB. Immunofluorescent localization of equine infectious anemia virus in tissue.. Am J Pathol 1971 Feb;62(2):283-94.
                      pubmed: 4322275
                    3. Kono Y, Kobayashi K, Fukunaga Y. Antigenic drift of equine infectious anemia virus in chronically infected horses.. Arch Gesamte Virusforsch 1973;41(1):1-10.
                      pubmed: 4123810doi: 10.1007/BF01249923google scholar: lookup
                    4. Malmquist WA, Barnett D, Becvar CS. Production of equine infectious anemia antigen in a persistently infected cell line.. Arch Gesamte Virusforsch 1973;42(4):361-70.
                      pubmed: 4358259doi: 10.1007/BF01250717google scholar: lookup
                    5. Charman HP, Bladen S, Gilden RV, Coggins L. Equine infectious anemia virus: evidence favoring classification as a retravirus.. J Virol 1976 Sep;19(3):1073-9.
                      pubmed: 61283doi: 10.1128/JVI.19.3.1073-1079.1976google scholar: lookup
                    6. Archer BG, Crawford TB, McGuire TC, Frazier ME. RNA-dependent DNA polymerase associated with equine infectious anemia virus.. J Virol 1977 Apr;22(1):16-22.
                      pubmed: 67219doi: 10.1128/JVI.22.1.16-22.1977google scholar: lookup
                    7. Cheevers WP, Archer BG, Crawford TB. Characterization of RNA from equine infectious anemia virus.. J Virol 1977 Nov;24(2):489-97.
                      pubmed: 199735doi: 10.1128/JVI.24.2.489-497.1977google scholar: lookup
                    8. Gonda MA, Charman HP, Walker JL, Coggins L. Scanning and transmission electron microscopic study of equine infectious anemia virus.. Am J Vet Res 1978 May;39(5):731-40.
                      pubmed: 215061
                    9. Issel CJ, Coggins L. Equine infectious anemia: current knowledge.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1979 Apr 1;174(7):727-33.
                      pubmed: 218920
                    10. Gutekunst DE, Becvar CS. Responses in horses infected with equine infectious anemia virus adapted to tissue culture.. Am J Vet Res 1979 Jul;40(7):974-7.
                      pubmed: 228570
                    11. Orrego A, Issel CJ, Montelaro RC, Adams WV Jr. Virulence and in vitro growth of a cell-adapted strain of equine infectious anemia virus after serial passage in ponies.. Am J Vet Res 1982 Sep;43(9):1556-60.
                      pubmed: 6293349
                    12. Enrietto PJ, Payne LN, Hayman MJ. A recovered avian myelocytomatosis virus that induces lymphomas in chickens: pathogenic properties and their molecular basis.. Cell 1983 Dec;35(2 Pt 1):369-79.
                      pubmed: 6317183doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90170-8google scholar: lookup
                    13. Casey JM, Kim Y, Andersen PR, Watson KF, Fox JL, Devare SG. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III: immunologic characterization and primary structure analysis of the major internal protein, p24.. J Virol 1985 Aug;55(2):417-23.
                      pubmed: 2410630doi: 10.1128/JVI.55.2.417-423.1985google scholar: lookup
                    14. Stephens RM, Casey JW, Rice NR. Equine infectious anemia virus gag and pol genes: relatedness to visna and AIDS virus.. Science 1986 Feb 7;231(4738):589-94.
                      pubmed: 3003905doi: 10.1126/science.3003905google scholar: lookup
                    15. Gendelman HE, Narayan O, Kennedy-Stoskopf S, Kennedy PG, Ghotbi Z, Clements JE, Stanley J, Pezeshkpour G. Tropism of sheep lentiviruses for monocytes: susceptibility to infection and virus gene expression increase during maturation of monocytes to macrophages.. J Virol 1986 Apr;58(1):67-74.
                      pubmed: 3005660doi: 10.1128/JVI.58.1.67-74.1986google scholar: lookup
                    16. Gonda MA, Braun MJ, Clements JE, Pyper JM, Wong-Staal F, Gallo RC, Gilden RV. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III shares sequence homology with a family of pathogenic lentiviruses.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1986 Jun;83(11):4007-11.
                      pubmed: 2424014doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.11.4007google scholar: lookup
                    17. Yaniv A, Dahlberg J, Gazit A, Sherman L, Chiu IM, Tronick SR, Aaronson SA. Molecular cloning and physical characterization of integrated equine infectious anemia virus: molecular and immunologic evidence of its close relationship to ovine and caprine lentiviruses.. Virology 1986 Oct 15;154(1):1-8.
                      pubmed: 3750842doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(86)90424-1google scholar: lookup
                    18. Payne SL, Salinovich O, Nauman SM, Issel CJ, Montelaro RC. Course and extent of variation of equine infectious anemia virus during parallel persistent infections.. J Virol 1987 Apr;61(4):1266-70.
                      pubmed: 3029423doi: 10.1128/JVI.61.4.1266-1270.1987google scholar: lookup
                    19. Kawakami T, Sherman L, Dahlberg J, Gazit A, Yaniv A, Tronick SR, Aaronson SA. Nucleotide sequence analysis of equine infectious anemia virus proviral DNA.. Virology 1987 Jun;158(2):300-12.
                      pubmed: 3035786doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(87)90202-9google scholar: lookup
                    20. Carpenter S, Evans LH, Sevoian M, Chesebro B. Role of the host immune response in selection of equine infectious anemia virus variants.. J Virol 1987 Dec;61(12):3783-9.
                      pubmed: 2446008doi: 10.1128/JVI.61.12.3783-3789.1987google scholar: lookup
                    21. Ou CY, Kwok S, Mitchell SW, Mack DH, Sninsky JJ, Krebs JW, Feorino P, Warfield D, Schochetman G. DNA amplification for direct detection of HIV-1 in DNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells.. Science 1988 Jan 15;239(4837):295-7.
                      pubmed: 3336784doi: 10.1126/science.3336784google scholar: lookup
                    22. Folks TM, Justement J, Kinter A, Schnittman S, Orenstein J, Poli G, Fauci AS. Characterization of a promonocyte clone chronically infected with HIV and inducible by 13-phorbol-12-myristate acetate.. J Immunol 1988 Feb 15;140(4):1117-22.
                      pubmed: 2449497
                    23. Gendelman HE, Orenstein JM, Martin MA, Ferrua C, Mitra R, Phipps T, Wahl LA, Lane HC, Fauci AS, Burke DS. Efficient isolation and propagation of human immunodeficiency virus on recombinant colony-stimulating factor 1-treated monocytes.. J Exp Med 1988 Apr 1;167(4):1428-41.
                      pubmed: 3258626doi: 10.1084/jem.167.4.1428google scholar: lookup
                    24. Koyanagi Y, O'Brien WA, Zhao JQ, Golde DW, Gasson JC, Chen IS. Cytokines alter production of HIV-1 from primary mononuclear phagocytes.. Science 1988 Sep 23;241(4873):1673-5.
                      pubmed: 3047875doi: 10.1126/science.241.4873.1673google scholar: lookup
                    25. Ku00fchnel H, von Briesen H, Dietrich U, Adamski M, Mix D, Biesert L, Kreutz R, Immelmann A, Henco K, Meichsner C. Molecular cloning of two west African human immunodeficiency virus type 2 isolates that replicate well in macrophages: a Gambian isolate, from a patient with neurologic acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and a highly divergent Ghanian isolate.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1989 Apr;86(7):2383-7.
                      pubmed: 2467304doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.7.2383google scholar: lookup
                    26. Griffin GE, Leung K, Folks TM, Kunkel S, Nabel GJ. Activation of HIV gene expression during monocyte differentiation by induction of NF-kappa B.. Nature 1989 May 4;339(6219):70-3.
                      pubmed: 2654643doi: 10.1038/339070a0google scholar: lookup
                    27. Carpenter S, Chesebro B. Change in host cell tropism associated with in vitro replication of equine infectious anemia virus.. J Virol 1989 Jun;63(6):2492-6.
                      pubmed: 2470916doi: 10.1128/JVI.63.6.2492-2496.1989google scholar: lookup
                    28. Zucker-Franklin D, Cao YZ. Megakaryocytes of human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals express viral RNA.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1989 Jul;86(14):5595-9.
                      pubmed: 2748605doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.14.5595google scholar: lookup
                    29. Rice NR, Lequarre AS, Casey JW, Lahn S, Stephens RM, Edwards J. Viral DNA in horses infected with equine infectious anemia virus.. J Virol 1989 Dec;63(12):5194-200.
                      pubmed: 2555550doi: 10.1128/JVI.63.12.5194-5200.1989google scholar: lookup
                    30. Simmonds P, Balfe P, Peutherer JF, Ludlam CA, Bishop JO, Brown AJ. Human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals contain provirus in small numbers of peripheral mononuclear cells and at low copy numbers.. J Virol 1990 Feb;64(2):864-72.
                      pubmed: 2296085doi: 10.1128/JVI.64.2.864-872.1990google scholar: lookup
                    31. Kobayashi K, Kono Y. Propagation and titration of equine infectious anemia virus in horse leukocyte culture.. Natl Inst Anim Health Q (Tokyo) 1967 Spring;7(1):8-20.
                      pubmed: 4293214
                    32. Coggins L, Norcross NL. Immunodiffusion reaction in equine infectious anemia.. Cornell Vet 1970 Apr;60(2):330-5.
                      pubmed: 4986043
                    33. Laemmli UK. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4.. Nature 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680-5.
                      pubmed: 5432063doi: 10.1038/227680a0google scholar: lookup
                    34. Kono Y, Yoshino T, Fukanaga Y. Growth characteristics of equine infectious anemia virus in horse leukocyte cultures. Brief report.. Arch Gesamte Virusforsch 1970;30(2):252-6.
                      pubmed: 4318580doi: 10.1007/BF01250196google scholar: lookup
                    35. Ushimi C, Henson JB, Gorham JR. Study of the one-step growth curve of equine infectious anemia virus by immunofluorescence.. Infect Immun 1972 Jun;5(6):890-5.
                      pubmed: 4344094doi: 10.1128/iai.5.6.890-895.1972google scholar: lookup

                    Citations

                    This article has been cited 15 times.
                    1. Maury W, Thompson RJ, Jones Q, Bradley S, Denke T, Baccam P, Smazik M, Oaks JL. Evolution of the equine infectious anemia virus long terminal repeat during the alteration of cell tropism.. J Virol 2005 May;79(9):5653-64.
                      doi: 10.1128/JVI.79.9.5653-5664.2005pubmed: 15827180google scholar: lookup
                    2. Payne SL, Pei XF, Jia B, Fagerness A, Fuller FJ. Influence of long terminal repeat and env on the virulence phenotype of equine infectious anemia virus.. J Virol 2004 Mar;78(5):2478-85.
                      doi: 10.1128/jvi.78.5.2478-2485.2004pubmed: 14963146google scholar: lookup
                    3. Payne SL, Qi XM, Shao H, Dwyer A, Fuller FJ. Disease induction by virus derived from molecular clones of equine infectious anemia virus.. J Virol 1998 Jan;72(1):483-7.
                      doi: 10.1128/JVI.72.1.483-487.1998pubmed: 9420249google scholar: lookup
                    4. Sellon DC, Walker KM, Russell KE, Perry ST, Covington P, Fuller FJ. Equine infectious anemia virus replication is upregulated during differentiation of blood monocytes from acutely infected horses.. J Virol 1996 Jan;70(1):590-4.
                      doi: 10.1128/JVI.70.1.590-594.1996pubmed: 8523576google scholar: lookup
                    5. Belu00e1k S, Ballagi-Pordu00e1ny A. Application of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in veterinary diagnostic virology.. Vet Res Commun 1993;17(1):55-72.
                      doi: 10.1007/BF01839180pubmed: 8396281google scholar: lookup
                    6. Sellon DC. Equine infectious anemia.. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 1993 Aug;9(2):321-36.
                      doi: 10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30399-1pubmed: 8395326google scholar: lookup
                    7. Threadgill DS, Steagall WK, Flaherty MT, Fuller FJ, Perry ST, Rushlow KE, Le Grice SF, Payne SL. Characterization of equine infectious anemia virus dUTPase: growth properties of a dUTPase-deficient mutant.. J Virol 1993 May;67(5):2592-600.
                      doi: 10.1128/JVI.67.5.2592-2600.1993pubmed: 8386267google scholar: lookup
                    8. Sellon DC, Fuller FJ, McGuire TC. The immunopathogenesis of equine infectious anemia virus.. Virus Res 1994 May;32(2):111-38.
                      doi: 10.1016/0168-1702(94)90038-8pubmed: 8067050google scholar: lookup
                    9. Lutzke RA, Vink C, Plasterk RH. Characterization of the minimal DNA-binding domain of the HIV integrase protein.. Nucleic Acids Res 1994 Oct 11;22(20):4125-31.
                      doi: 10.1093/nar/22.20.4125pubmed: 7937137google scholar: lookup
                    10. Clabough DL, Gebhard D, Flaherty MT, Whetter LE, Perry ST, Coggins L, Fuller FJ. Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia in horses infected with equine infectious anemia virus.. J Virol 1991 Nov;65(11):6242-51.
                      doi: 10.1128/JVI.65.11.6242-6251.1991pubmed: 1717720google scholar: lookup
                    11. Borroto-Esoda K, Boone LR. Equine infectious anemia virus and human immunodeficiency virus DNA synthesis in vitro: characterization of the endogenous reverse transcriptase reaction.. J Virol 1991 Apr;65(4):1952-9.
                      doi: 10.1128/JVI.65.4.1952-1959.1991pubmed: 1705993google scholar: lookup
                    12. Engelman A, Craigie R. Identification of conserved amino acid residues critical for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase function in vitro.. J Virol 1992 Nov;66(11):6361-9.
                      doi: 10.1128/JVI.66.11.6361-6369.1992pubmed: 1404595google scholar: lookup
                    13. Sellon DC, Perry ST, Coggins L, Fuller FJ. Wild-type equine infectious anemia virus replicates in vivo predominantly in tissue macrophages, not in peripheral blood monocytes.. J Virol 1992 Oct;66(10):5906-13.
                      doi: 10.1128/JVI.66.10.5906-5913.1992pubmed: 1382143google scholar: lookup
                    14. Perry ST, Flaherty MT, Kelley MJ, Clabough DL, Tronick SR, Coggins L, Whetter L, Lengel CR, Fuller F. The surface envelope protein gene region of equine infectious anemia virus is not an important determinant of tropism in vitro.. J Virol 1992 Jul;66(7):4085-97.
                      doi: 10.1128/JVI.66.7.4085-4097.1992pubmed: 1318398google scholar: lookup
                    15. Kim CH, Casey JW. Genomic variation and segregation of equine infectious anemia virus during acute infection.. J Virol 1992 Jun;66(6):3879-82.
                      doi: 10.1128/JVI.66.6.3879-3882.1992pubmed: 1316487google scholar: lookup

                    Secure Payments

                    PayPal Visa Mastercard American Express

                    Satisfaction Guarantee

                    We offer a 60-day guarantee to ensure you are completely satisfied.

                    Fast & Free Shipping

                    We provide fast and free shipping on all orders over $40.

                    Use Nutrition Calculator
                    Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
                    Talk to a Nutritionist
                    Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
                    Submit Diet Evaluation
                    Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists