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Frontiers in physiology2019; 10; 793; doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00793

Seasonal Dynamics, Record of Ticks Infesting Humans, Wild and Domestic Animals and Molecular Phylogeny of Rhipicephalus microplus in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan.

Abstract: Although ticks prevalent in various agro-systems of Pakistan are associated with economic losses, information is still missing about the tick's diversity, hosts they infest, seasonal dynamics and molecular phylogeny of in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Pakistan. This study for the first time enlisted ticks infesting diverse hosts including humans in various regions of KP. A total of 8,641 ticks were collected across the northern, southern and central regions of KP and were morpho-taxonomically categorized into six genera comprising 17 species, ( = 3,584, 42%), ( = 2,253, 27%) ( = 1,342, 16%), ( = 586, 7%) ( = 161, 2%), ( = 142, 2%), ( = 132, 2%), ( = 123, 1.4%), ( = 110, 1.3%), ( = 34, 0.4%), and ( = 31, 0.4%). Ticks infesting wild animals included , , and , while ticks collected from humans included , , and . The overall prevalence of ticks infesting domestic animals was 69.4% (536/772). Among animal hosts, cattle were found highly infested (87.2%, 157/180) followed by buffalos (79%, 91/114), domestic fowls (74.7%, 112/150), goats (68.3%, 82/120), dogs (66.7%, 32/48), horses (61.3%, 49/80), and sheep (16.3%, 13/80). Analysis revealed that the tick burden significantly differed among domestic animals and was found to be high in cattle, followed by buffalos, goats, sheep, domestic fowl, dogs, and horses. Seasonal patterns of ticks distribution showed highest prevalance in July, August, and September due to the prevailing high temperature and humidity during these months. The phylogenetic analysis of cattle tick based on partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COX1), 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequences, revealed that prevalent in this region belongs to clade C which include ticks originating from Bangladesh, Malaysia, and India. Further large scale studies across the country are necessary to explore the molecular and cross breeding aspects at the geographical overlapping of various tick species and their associated pathogens to facilitate designing control strategies as well as awareness against tick infestation in the region.
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Publication Date: 2019-07-16 PubMed ID: 31379587PubMed Central: PMC6646419DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00793Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigates the diversity, prevalence, seasonal dynamics, and molecular phylogeny of ticks in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, for the first time cataloging tick species on various hosts including humans. The study found a high prevalence of tick infestation in domestic animals, especially cattle, and revealed seasonal patterns and local molecular phylogeny, mapping the ticks to a clade that includes ticks from Bangladesh, Malaysia, and India.

Tick Diversity and Prevalence

  • This research took place across the northern, southern, and central regions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Pakistan.
  • A total of 8,641 ticks were collected and morphologically classified into six genera and 17 species.
  • The ticks were found infesting a range of creatures, including humans, wild and domestic animals.
  • The overall prevalence of ticks infesting domestic animals was high at 69.4%.

Host-Specific Infestations

  • Among the infested animals observed, cattle suffered a particularly high level of infestation (87.2%), followed by buffalos (79%), domestic fowls (74.7%), goats (68.3%), dogs (66.7%), horses (61.3%), and sheep (16.3%).
  • Tick burden was found to vary significantly among different species of domesticated animals.
  • Tick species found on human hosts were different from those found on wild animals, implying species-host specificity.

Seasonal Dynamics

  • The study also found a clear seasonal pattern in tick prevalence, with the highest numbers encountered in the warmer months of July, August and September.
  • This seasonal pattern is likely related to climatic factors such as temperature and humidity, which are known to affect tick survival and activity.

Molecular Phylogeny

  • The molecular phylogeny study on a specific species of cattle tick (Rhipicephalus microplus) based on partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COX1), 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA), and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequences, established that these ticks belong to clade C, a group that also includes ticks from Bangladesh, Malaysia, and India.
  • This result provides key information about the genetic origin and spread of this tick species, which could guide future research and control strategies.

Conclusions and Future Research

  • This study emphasizes the need for further, large-scale studies to explore the molecular and cross-breeding aspects at the geographical overlapping of various tick species and their associated pathogens.
  • From practical perspectives, the findings may inform design of control strategies against tick infestation and disease transmission, and raise public awareness about ticks in the region.

Cite This Article

APA
Ali A, Khan MA, Zahid H, Yaseen PM, Qayash Khan M, Nawab J, Ur Rehman Z, Ateeq M, Khan S, Ibrahim M. (2019). Seasonal Dynamics, Record of Ticks Infesting Humans, Wild and Domestic Animals and Molecular Phylogeny of Rhipicephalus microplus in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Front Physiol, 10, 793. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00793

Publication

Frontiers in physiology
ISSN: 1664-042X
NlmUniqueID: 101549006
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 10
Pages: 793
PII: 793

Researcher Affiliations

Ali, Abid
  • Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Khan, Munsif Ali
  • Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Zahid, Hafsa
  • Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Yaseen, Pir Muhammad
  • Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Qayash Khan, Muhammad
  • Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Nawab, Javed
  • Department of Environmental Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Ur Rehman, Zia
  • Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Ateeq, Muhammad
  • Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Khan, Sardar
  • Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Ibrahim, Mohammad
  • Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

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