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Selection of an aminoglycoside antibiotic for administration to horses.
Abstract: The serum concentrations of the aminoglycosides neomycin, kanamycin and streptomycin were determined after intravenous (iv) and intramuscular (im) administration. These values were then related to the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of a number of equine pathogenic bacteria to determine the duration of therapeutic serum concentrations of the aminoglycosides in the horse. Pharmacokinetic analysis of the data using neomycin as the example revealed a mean (+/- sd) peak serum concentration of 23.2 +/- 10.2 micrograms/ml present at 30 mins, and at 8 h the serum concentration was 2.8 +/- 0.8 micrograms/ml. From the pharmacological analysis of concentration-time data it was shown that neomycin was very rapidly absorbed from the im injection site, with an absorption half-time of 0.16 +/- 0.05 and was well absorbed (systemic availability was 73.7 +/- 26.9 per cent). A peak tissue level, which represented 40 per cent of the amount of drug in the body, was obtained at 32 mins after injection of the drug. At 8 h, the fractions of the dose in the central and peripheral compartments of the model were 1.5 per cent and 2.5 per cent respectively, and 96 per cent was the cumulative amount eliminated up to that time. Based on the MIC values of the majority of isolates of Corynebacterium equi, and only a few isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Streptococcus equi, one would expect a serum concentration of more than 2 micrograms neomycin/ml up to 8 h following im dosage (10 mg/kg) to be therapeutically effective.
Publication Date: 1985-01-01 PubMed ID: 3979370PubMed Central: PMC7197637DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1985.tb02034.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research studied the effects of three antibiotics—Neomycin, Kanamycin, and Streptomycin—in horses to determine the optimum duration of therapeutic serum concentrations for effective treatment. The findings indicate that when administered intramuscularly, Neomycin is rapidly absorbed and can effectively treat bacteria such as Corynebacterium equi, a few strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Streptococcus equi.
Selection and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics
- The study determined the concentration of the aminoglycosides, namely Neomycin, Kanamycin, and Streptomycin in the serum after their administration intravenously and intramuscularly in horses
- The aim was to relate these serum concentration values to the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of equine pathogenic bacteria to find the duration of effective therapeutic serum concentrations of these antibiotics in horses
Pharmacological Analysis
- Pharmacological analysis of the concentration-time data showed that Neomycin is quickly absorbed from the site of intramuscular injection, with an absorption half-time of 0.16 +/- 0.05 and high systemic availability at 73.7 +/- 26.9 per cent
- A peak tissue level, accounting for 40 per cent of the total drug amount in the body, was achieved at 32 minutes after drug injection
- Eight hours after administration, 1.5 per cent of the dose was found in the central compartments of the model, 2.5 per cent in the peripheral compartments, with a cumulative elimination of 96 per cent at that time
Therapeutic Implications
- The study suggests that a serum concentration of more than 2 micrograms of Neomycin per ml up to 8 hours following intramuscular dosage (10 mg/kg) would be effective in therapy
- This conclusion was based on the MIC values of the majority of isolates of Corynebacterium equi and some isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Streptococcus equi
Cite This Article
APA
Baggot JD, Love DN, Rose RJ, Raus R.
(1985).
Selection of an aminoglycoside antibiotic for administration to horses.
Equine Vet J, 17(1), 30-34.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1985.tb02034.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Aminoglycosides / administration & dosage
- Aminoglycosides / blood
- Animals
- Anti-Bacterial Agents / administration & dosage
- Anti-Bacterial Agents / blood
- Biological Availability
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Horses / blood
- Injections, Intramuscular
- Injections, Intravenous
- Kinetics
- Microbial Sensitivity Tests
- Time Factors
References
This article includes 8 references
- Baggot JD. Principles of Drug Disposition in Domestic Animals: The Basis of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology. W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia. p 151.
- Baggot JD, Love DN, Rose RJ, Raus J. The pharmacokinetics of some aminoglycoside antibiotics in the horse.. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 1981 Dec;4(4):277-84.
- Barton MD, Hughes KL. Corynebacterium equi: a review. Vet. Bull. 50, 65–80.
- Bennett JV, Brodie JL, Benner EJ, Kirby WM. Simplified, accurate method for antibiotic assay of clinical specimens.. Appl Microbiol 1966 Mar;14(2):170-7.
- Sande MA, Mandell GL. The aminoglycosides. In Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 6th edn. eds Goodman LS and Gilman AA. McMillan Publishing Co, New York.
- Sedman AJ, Wagner JG. Autoan; A Decision‐Making Pharmacokinetic Computer Program. Publication Distribution Service, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
- Weinstein L. Antimicrobial agents — general considerations. In: The Pharmacological Bases of Therapeutics, 5th edn. eds Goodman LS and Gilman A., McMillan Publishing Co, New York.
- Weinstein L. Streptomycin, gentamicin, and other aminoglycosides. In: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 5th edn. eds Goodman LS and Gilman A. McMillan Publishing Co, New York.
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