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Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG2022; 297(2); 449-462; doi: 10.1007/s00438-022-01862-w

Selection signatures for heat tolerance in Brazilian horse breeds.

Abstract: Since domestication, horse breeds have adapted to their environments and differentiated from one another. This paper uses two methods to detect selection signatures in 23 horse breeds, eight of which are Brazilian (610 animals), both cold-blooded and warm-blooded, from temperate and tropical regions. These animals were genotyped using the GGP Equine BeadChip and we analysed the data by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The samples were separated into groups based on their geographical area of origin and PCA results studied. The genomic regions under selection were detected by hapFLK and PCAdapt methodologies, identifying six regions under selection with at least one Brazilian horse breed. These regions contain genes associated with heat tolerance, skin colour, body size, energy production/metabolism, genes involved in protein degradation/turnover/DNA repair, genes reducing the impact of oxidative stress/cellular repair, and transcriptional regulation. This work confirmed LCORL and NCAPG gene regions in previous studies associated with body size on Equine Chromosome Autosome 3 (ECA3). On the same ECA3, a region implicating genes linked to coat colour was identified, also previously related to heat stress. Regions with genes coding heat shock proteins were found on ECA1 and 2, and many candidate genes for oxidation-reduction which are a natural response to heat stress. However, a larger sample size and whole-genome SNPs are needed to understand better and identify new candidate regions as well as their functional relation with heat tolerance.
© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
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Publication Date: 2022-02-12 PubMed ID: 35150300PubMed Central: 7144971DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01862-wGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research focuses on the genetic adaptations horses have made in response to their environment, particularly with regards to heat tolerance. Using DNA sample analysis from 23 different horse breeds, the researchers identified six regions of genetic selection linked with heat tolerance traits in Brazilian horse breeds.

Screening Methodology and Analysis

  • The team obtained genetic material from 610 animals, covering 23 domesticated horse breeds which included eight Brazilian breeds.
  • The horses were classified as either ‘cold-blooded’ or ‘warm-blooded’, and were derived from countries with either temperate or tropical climates.
  • DNA was analysed using a GGP Equine BeadChip which allowed for in-depth genotyping.
  • Data was processed via Principal Component Analysis (PCA), a statistical technique that reduces the dimensionality of the dataset while retaining most of the information in it. This allowed for differentiation and clustering of the horse breeds based on their genetic profiles and the geographical area they originated from.

Detection of Selection Signatures

  • Signatures of selection were identified through two statistical methods: hapFLK and PCAdapt. These strategies permit the detection of genomic regions that have been subject to selection.
  • Six selection areas were identified which showed an element of selection in at least one Brazilian horse breed.

Genes and Traits Associated with Heat Tolerance

  • The six selection areas contained genes associated with various traits including heat tolerance, skin colour, body size, and energy production/metabolism. The presence of these genes suggests that these traits evolved as adaptive responses to the tropical conditions.
  • Also detected were genes involved in protein degradation/turnover/DNA repair and genes that helped lessen the impact of oxidative stress/cellular repair. Both these categories of genes are involved in maintaining the health of cells under heat stress.
  • The research confirmed the presence of the LCORL and NCAPG gene regions, which were linked to body size in past studies, within these sections. They also detected genes associated with coat colour on the Equine Chromosome Autosome 3 (ECA3), which was previously associated with heat stress.
  • Significant findings include regions on ECA1 and 2 that code for heat shock proteins. These proteins help tolerate and protect against heat stress and many candidate genes for oxidation-reduction, which is a naturally occurring response to heat stress.

Suggestions for Future Research

  • The study concluded that a larger sample size and whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are required for better understanding and identification of new candidate regions and their functional relation with heat tolerance. This will provide a more comprehensive understanding of the genetic diversity and adaptive capabilities of horse breeds to heat stress.

Cite This Article

APA
de Faria DA, do Prado Paim T, Dos Santos CA, Paiva SR, Nogueira MB, McManus C. (2022). Selection signatures for heat tolerance in Brazilian horse breeds. Mol Genet Genomics, 297(2), 449-462. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-022-01862-w

Publication

Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG
ISSN: 1617-4623
NlmUniqueID: 101093320
Country: Germany
Language: English
Volume: 297
Issue: 2
Pages: 449-462

Researcher Affiliations

de Faria, Danielle Assis
  • Faculdade de Agronomia e Veterinária, Instituto Central de Ciências, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
do Prado Paim, Tiago
  • Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, GO, 75901-970, Brazil.
Dos Santos, Camila Alves
  • Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, GO, 75901-970, Brazil.
Paiva, Samuel Rezende
  • Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Final W5 Norte, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brasil.
Nogueira, Marcelo Bchara
  • Faculdade de Agronomia e Veterinária, Instituto Central de Ciências, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
McManus, Concepta
  • Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil. concepta@unb.br.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Brazil
  • Genome
  • Genomics / methods
  • Genotype
  • Horses / genetics
  • Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / genetics
  • Selection, Genetic
  • Thermotolerance / genetics

Grant Funding

  • 001 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
  • 308929/2020-9 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
  • 001 / Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento

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