Sequence analysis of the equine H7 influenza virus haemagglutinin gene.
Abstract: The nucleotide sequences of ten haemagglutinin genes of representative H7N7 equine influenza viruses isolated between 1956 and 1977 have been determined by primer extension sequencing. Their nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences demonstrate a high degree of homology. These equine viruses can be divided into two distinct subgroups, the prototype-like, and a group comprising the early American isolates and the remaining equine viruses. The equine H7 haemagglutinins form a quite distinct group compared to H7 haemagglutinins isolated from other species. Each of these equine H7 haemagglutinins possess a tetrabasic amino acid cleavage site separating the HA1 and HA2 domains but, in addition, all ten contain a nine amino acid insertion prior to the tetrabasic sequence. The haemagglutinin glycoproteins of all ten viruses are capable of cleavage activation in virus infected primary chicken embryo fibroblast cells.
Publication Date: 1992-02-01 PubMed ID: 1566601DOI: 10.1016/0168-1702(92)90037-aGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research performed sequence analysis on the haemagglutinin genes of ten H7N7 equine influenza viruses, and found that there was a high degree of similarity between them. These viruses could be split into 2 subgroups, and had different characteristics compared to H7 haemagglutinins from other species.
Research Overview
- The researchers performed an analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the haemagglutinin genes from ten representative H7N7 equine influenza viruses that had been isolated over the period from 1956 to 1977.
- Primer extension sequencing was used to determine these genetic sequences.
Findings
- The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences from the ten viruses showed a high degree of homology (similarity) which suggests that these viruses are closely related to each other.
- Despite the overall similarity, the researchers were able to divide the equine viruses into two distinct subgroups. One group was similar to the prototype virus, while the other group included early American isolates and the remaining equine viruses.
- When compared to H7 haemagglutinins isolated from species other than horses, the equine H7 haemagglutinins formed a quite distinct group, indicating notable differences in these genes between species.
Characteristics of the Haemagglutinins
- All of the equine H7 haemagglutinins had a tetrabasic amino acid cleavage site that separated the HA1 and HA2 domains. This is a common feature of haemagglutinins and is necessary for the virus to be able to spread infection within the host organism.
- In addition to the cleavage site, each of the haemagglutinins also had a nine amino acid insertion before the tetrabasic sequence. The function of this insertion is not specified in the abstract, but it suggests additional variation in the structure of these proteins.
- All ten viruses had haemagglutinin glycoproteins that were capable of being activated by cleavage in virus-infected chicken embryo fibroblast cells, a common laboratory model for studying virus infection. This property is a key part of the life cycle of influenza viruses and an important target for antiviral drugs.
Cite This Article
APA
Gibson CA, Daniels RS, Oxford JS, McCauley JW.
(1992).
Sequence analysis of the equine H7 influenza virus haemagglutinin gene.
Virus Res, 22(2), 93-106.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1702(92)90037-a Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, U.K.
MeSH Terms
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Genes, Viral
- Genetic Variation
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus
- Hemagglutinins, Viral / genetics
- Hemagglutinins, Viral / isolation & purification
- Horses
- Influenza A virus / genetics
- Influenza A virus / isolation & purification
- Molecular Sequence Data
- RNA, Viral / chemistry
- RNA, Viral / isolation & purification
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Viral Envelope Proteins / genetics
- Viral Envelope Proteins / isolation & purification
- Viral Structural Proteins / genetics
Citations
This article has been cited 14 times.- Sattar S, Kabat J, Jerome K, Feldmann F, Bailey K, Mehedi M. Nuclear translocation of spike mRNA and protein is a novel feature of SARS-CoV-2.. Front Microbiol 2023;14:1073789.
- Sattar S, Kabat J, Jerome K, Feldmann F, Bailey K, Mehedi M. Nuclear translocation of spike mRNA and protein is a novel pathogenic feature of SARS-CoV-2.. bioRxiv 2022 Sep 27;.
- Janies DA, Pomeroy LW, Aaronson JM, Handelman S, Hardman J, Kawalec K, Bitterman T, Wheeler WC. Analysis and visualization of H7 influenza using genomic, evolutionary and geographic information in a modular web service.. Cladistics 2012 Oct;28(5):483-488.
- Scheibner D, Ulrich R, Fatola OI, Graaf A, Gischke M, Salaheldin AH, Harder TC, Veits J, Mettenleiter TC, Abdelwhab EM. Variable impact of the hemagglutinin polybasic cleavage site on virulence and pathogenesis of avian influenza H7N7 virus in chickens, turkeys and ducks.. Sci Rep 2019 Aug 9;9(1):11556.
- Chen Y, Trovão NS, Wang G, Zhao W, He P, Zhou H, Mo Y, Wei Z, Ouyang K, Huang W, García-Sastre A, Nelson MI. Emergence and Evolution of Novel Reassortant Influenza A Viruses in Canines in Southern China.. mBio 2018 Jun 5;9(3).
- Zanin M, Koçer ZA, Poulson RL, Gabbard JD, Howerth EW, Jones CA, Friedman K, Seiler J, Danner A, Kercher L, McBride R, Paulson JC, Wentworth DE, Krauss S, Tompkins SM, Stallknecht DE, Webster RG. Potential for Low-Pathogenic Avian H7 Influenza A Viruses To Replicate and Cause Disease in a Mammalian Model.. J Virol 2017 Feb 1;91(3).
- Karamendin K, Kydyrmanov A, Sayatov M, Strochkov V, Sandybayev N, Sultankulova K. Retrospective Analysis of the Equine Influenza Virus A/Equine/Kirgizia/26/1974 (H7N7) Isolated in Central Asia.. Pathogens 2016 Aug 10;5(3).
- Joseph U, Su YC, Vijaykrishna D, Smith GJ. The ecology and adaptive evolution of influenza A interspecies transmission.. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2017 Jan;11(1):74-84.
- Abdelwhab EM, Veits J, Mettenleiter TC. Prevalence and control of H7 avian influenza viruses in birds and humans.. Epidemiol Infect 2014 May;142(5):896-920.
- Tse LV, Hamilton AM, Friling T, Whittaker GR. A novel activation mechanism of avian influenza virus H9N2 by furin.. J Virol 2014 Feb;88(3):1673-83.
- Hamilton BS, Sun X, Chung C, Whittaker GR. Acquisition of a novel eleven amino acid insertion directly N-terminal to a tetrabasic cleavage site confers intracellular cleavage of an H7N7 influenza virus hemagglutinin.. Virology 2012 Dec 5;434(1):88-95.
- Suarez DL, Senne DA, Banks J, Brown IH, Essen SC, Lee CW, Manvell RJ, Mathieu-Benson C, Moreno V, Pedersen JC, Panigrahy B, Rojas H, Spackman E, Alexander DJ. Recombination resulting in virulence shift in avian influenza outbreak, Chile.. Emerg Infect Dis 2004 Apr;10(4):693-9.
- Adeyefa CA, McCauley JW, Tomori O. Mutational changes in the hemagglutinin of equine H3 influenza viruses result in the introduction of a glycosylation site which enhances the infectivity of the viruses.. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 1997;42(4):390-4.
- . New nucleotide sequence data on the EMBL File Server.. Nucleic Acids Res 1992 Jun 25;20(12):3257-75.
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