Seroanalysis of Tyzzer’s disease in horses: implications that multiple strains can infect Equidae.
Abstract: A monoclonal antibody based competitive inhibition assay was used to detect antibodies in horse sera to purified flagellar antigens from distinct Clostridium piliforme isolates. Sequential absorption of hyperimmune rat serum to C. piliforme isolate E (horse-origin isolate), a positive C. piliforme-immune horse serum, and other suspected immune horse sera with unrelated bacteria or C. piliforme isolates E or isolate R1 (rat-origin isolate) alone demonstrated the specificity of this assay for C. piliforme. This specificity was associated with the inhibition of monoclonal antibody binding to C. piliforme flagella, rather than to C. piliforme somatic antigens, by horse immunoglobulins partially purified from serum. Thirty seven of 162 horse sera possessed large amounts of antibody to the flagella of C. piliforme isolate E and 23 of the 162 had large amounts of antibody to the flagella of C. piliforme isolate R1; 9 of the sera possessed large amounts of antibody to both flagellar antigens. Absorption of these sera with isolate E or R1 demonstrated that antibody reactivity to the 2 C. piliforme isolates was isolate-specific and not due to antibody cross-reactive with both isolates. These results suggest that infection of horses with C. piliforme may be relatively common; and that they are susceptible to at least 2 distinct strains.
Publication Date: 1995-01-01 PubMed ID: 7774554DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb03025.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- P.H.S.
Summary
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This study investigates Tyzzer’s disease in horses, suggesting that multiple strains of the bacteria Clostridium piliforme can infect equine species.
Research Method
- The researchers used a competitive inhibition assay to detect antibodies in horse sera. This assay is based on monoclonal antibodies and detects purified flagellar antigens from different Clostridium piliforme isolates.
- A type of experiment known as sequential absorption was conducted on hyperimmune rat serum. This serum was exposed to a Clostridium piliforme isolate that originated from horses. It was also done using other horse sera that were suspected of having immunity to the bacteria, as well as some bacteria unrelated to Clostridium piliforme.
Findings
- The experimentation showed that the assay was highly specific for Clostridium piliforme. This specificity was evident because the assay inhibited the monoclonal antibodies from binding to the flagella of C. piliforme instead of its somatic antigens.
- The horse immunoglobulins were partially purified from the serum. Of 162 horse sera tested, thirty-seven contained large amounts of antibody to the flagella of the Clostridium piliforme isolate originating from horses. Twenty-three had large volumes of antibody to the flagella of C. piliforme isolate that originated from rats.
- Nine of the tested sera possessed large volumes of antibody to both flagellar antigens. When the researchers absorbed these sera with either of the isolates, they found that the antibody reactivity was specific to each isolate and not the result of cross-reactivity between the two isolates.
Implications
- The results of the study suggest that infection with Clostridium piliforme may be a relatively common occurrence in horses.
- The findings also suggest that horses are susceptible to at least two different strains of the bacteria, thereby expanding the understanding of Tyzzer’s disease in horses and potentially leading to more effective treatments.
Cite This Article
APA
Hook RR, Riley LK, Franklin CL, Besch-Williford CL.
(1995).
Seroanalysis of Tyzzer’s disease in horses: implications that multiple strains can infect Equidae.
Equine Vet J, 27(1), 8-12.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb03025.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211.
MeSH Terms
- Analysis of Variance
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial / blood
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- Antibody Specificity
- Bacillaceae Infections / diagnosis
- Bacillaceae Infections / microbiology
- Bacillaceae Infections / veterinary
- Clostridium Infections / diagnosis
- Clostridium Infections / microbiology
- Clostridium Infections / veterinary
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / veterinary
- Gastrointestinal Diseases / microbiology
- Gastrointestinal Diseases / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / microbiology
- Horses
- Serologic Tests
Grant Funding
- RR045668 / NCRR NIH HHS
Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Navarro MA, Uzal FA. Pathobiology and diagnosis of clostridial hepatitis in animals. J Vet Diagn Invest 2020 Mar;32(2):192-202.
- Swerczek TW. Tyzzer's disease in foals: retrospective studies from 1969 to 2010. Can Vet J 2013 Sep;54(9):876-80.
- St Denis KA, Waddell-Parks N, Belanger M. Tyzzer's disease in an 11-day-old foal. Can Vet J 2000 Jun;41(6):491-2.
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