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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Med Int / Serological Evidence of Antibodies to Rift Valley Fever Viru...
Veterinary medicine international2022; 2022; 6559193; doi: 10.1155/2022/6559193

Serological Evidence of Antibodies to Rift Valley Fever Virus in Wild and Domestic Animals in Bauchi State, Nigeria.

Abstract: Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an arthropod-borne zoonotic disease responsible for severe outbreaks in livestock and humans with concomitant economic losses in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The study, therefore, investigated the seroprevalence of the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) among wild and domestic animals. Blood samples were collected between 2013 and 2015 from 106 wild animals, 300 cattle (), and 200 horses (), respectively, in Yankari Game Reserve (YGR) and Sumu Wildlife Park (SWP) in Bauchi state, Nigeria. Harvested sera from blood were evaluated for the presence of anti-RVFV IgM/IgG antibodies. The overall seroprevalence in cattle was 11.3% ( = 0.677; 95% CI: 0.624-0.730) and in wildlife was 8.5% ( = 0.006; 95% CI: 0.00-0.60). The diversity of wildlife species sampled indicated seropositivity of 36.0% in waterbuck (), 25.0% in elephant (), 12.5% in eland (), and 8.3% in wildebeest (). Whereas, samples from zebra (), kudu (), and hartebeest () did not show detectable antibodies to RVFV, and seroprevalence in female (15.0%) wildlife species was higher than in males (4.5%) ( = 0.061). Classification of cattle into breed and sex showed no significant difference in seropositivity. Seropositivity of 12.0% was observed in White Fulani, 12.1% in Red Bororo, and 7.8% in Sokoto Gudali breeds of cattle ( = 0.677). Whereas, seropositivity of 13.6% was observed in females and 6.4% observed in males ( = 0.068). This study indicated the presence of antibodies to RVFV among some wild animals and cattle in the absence of a reported outbreak in the study area. The circulation of RVFV in the study area may pose a significant health risk to livestock, wildlife, and humans. Therefore, surveillance for RVFV should be intensified targeting mosquito vectors and humans in Bauchi state, Nigeria.
Copyright © 2022 Y. J. Atuman et al.
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Publication Date: 2022-03-16 PubMed ID: 35340539PubMed Central: PMC8942677DOI: 10.1155/2022/6559193Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research looked at the presence of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) in wild and domestic animals in Bauchi State, Nigeria. It found that there were antibodies to the virus in some animals, an indication that the disease was present in the area.

Study Overview

  • The research focused on Rift Valley fever (RVF), an insect-borne disease that can affect both animals and humans, causing severe health issues and economic damage in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa.
  • The scientists set out to study the prevalence of the RVF virus (RVFV) in wild and domestic animals, using blood samples taken from a variety of species in Bauchi State, Nigeria, between 2013 and 2015.

Methodology

  • Blood samples were collected from 106 wild animals, 300 cattle, and 200 horses respectively, in the Yankari Game Reserve (YGR) and Sumu Wildlife Park (SWP).
  • The blood was tested for the presence of anti-RVFV IgM/IgG antibodies, which would indicate an immune response to infection with the virus.

Results

  • The overall seroprevalence, or the level at which the virus was present, was 11.3% in cattle and 8.5% in wild animals.
  • Among wild animals, seropositivity (the presence of antibodies) varied between species. The waterbuck had the highest rate at 36.0%, followed by the elephant (25.0%), the eland (12.5%) and the wildebeest (8.3%).
  • There were no detectable antibodies in the zebra, kudu, and hartebeest.
  • In female wildlife, the seroprevalence rate was higher (15.0%) than in males (4.5%).
  • When the data was divided by breed and sex for the cattle, there were no significant differences in seropositivity, with rates of 12.0% in White Fulani, 12.1% in Red Bororo, and 7.8% in Sokoto Gudali cattle. Among female cattle, seropositivity was 13.6%, and in males, it was 6.4%.

Conclusions and Recommendations

  • The detection of antibodies to the RVFV, even in the absence of reported outbreaks, suggests the virus is present in Bauchi State, Nigeria.
  • The presence of RVFV poses health risks to livestock, wildlife, and humans in the area.
  • The researchers therefore recommended increased surveillance for RVFV, particularly focusing on mosquito vectors, which spread the disease, and on potential human cases.

Cite This Article

APA
Atuman YJ, Kudi CA, Abdu PA, Okubanjo OO, Wungak Y, Ularamu HG, Abubakar A. (2022). Serological Evidence of Antibodies to Rift Valley Fever Virus in Wild and Domestic Animals in Bauchi State, Nigeria. Vet Med Int, 2022, 6559193. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6559193

Publication

Veterinary medicine international
ISSN: 2090-8113
NlmUniqueID: 101524203
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 2022
Pages: 6559193
PII: 6559193

Researcher Affiliations

Atuman, Y J
  • National Veterinary Research Institute Vom Outstation Laboratory, Bauchi, Nigeria.
Kudi, C A
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Abdu, P A
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Okubanjo, O O
  • Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Wungak, Y
  • Viral Research Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria.
Ularamu, H G
  • Viral Research Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria.
Abubakar, A
  • Force Animal Branch Department, Nigeria Police Force Headquarters, Abuja, Nigeria.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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