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Microorganisms2023; 11(11); 2743; doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11112743

Serological Evidence of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Brazilian Equines.

Abstract: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection has been demonstrated in various animal species; those recognized as potential zoonotic reservoirs pose a considerable risk to public health. In Brazil, HEV-3 is the only genotype identified in humans and swine nationwide, in a colony-breeding cynomolgus monkey and, recently, in bovines and capybara. There is no information regarding HEV exposure in the equine population in Brazil. This study aimed to investigate anti-HEV antibodies and viral RNA in serum samples from horses slaughtered for meat export and those bred for sport/reproduction purposes. We used a commercially available ELISA kit modified to detect species-specific anti-HEV, using an anti-horse IgG-peroxidase conjugate and evaluating different cutoff formulas and assay precision. Serum samples (n = 257) were tested for anti-HEV IgG and HEV RNA by nested RT-PCR and RT-qPCR. The overall anti-HEV seroprevalence was 26.5% (68/257) without the detection of HEV RNA. Most municipalities (53.3%) and farms (58.8%) had positive horses. Animals slaughtered for human consumption had higher risk of HEV exposure (45.5%) than those bred for sports or reproduction (6.4%) ( < 0.0001). The statistical analysis revealed sex and breeding system as possible risk-associated factors. The first serological evidence of HEV circulation in Brazilian equines reinforces the need for the surveillance of HEV host expansion in a one-health approach.
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Publication Date: 2023-11-10 PubMed ID: 38004754PubMed Central: PMC10673136DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112743Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study investigates the presence of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in horses in Brazil, with a significant percentage of horses found to possess anti-HEV antibodies. Particularly, horses slaughtered for human consumption were found to have a higher risk of HEV exposure.

Objective and Methodology

  • The study focused on determining the exposure of the equine population in Brazil to the Hepatitis E Virus. This is significant as various animal species have been found to be carriers of the HEV infection, thereby posing a risk to public health.
  • The researchers collected and tested serum samples from horses, either slaughtered for meat export or bred for sport/reproduction purposes, for anti-HEV antibodies and viral RNA.
  • A commercially available ELISA kit was used, modified to detect specific anti-HEV in horses. Different formulas accompanying precision assessment were evaluated for cutoff values.
  • The technique of nested RT-PCR and RT-qPCR was used to test the collected serum samples.

Findings

  • The study found that 26.5% (68 out of 257) of the horses had anti-HEV antibodies in their system. However, none of them had HEV RNA detected.
  • Horses from more than half of the tested municipalities (53.3%) and farms (58.8%) were positive with anti-HEV antibodies.
  • A significant finding of the study was that those horses which were slaughtered for human consumption presented a higher risk of HEV exposure, with a 45.5% rate, compared to only 6.4% in those bred for sports or reproduction.
  • The statistical analysis from the study also suggests sex and breeding system as potential risk factors associated with HEV exposure.

Implications

  • This study provides the first serological evidence of HEV exposure in Brazilian equines, highlighting the importance of monitoring and surveilling HEV host expansion as part of public health precautions.
  • The higher risk of HEV exposure in horses slaughtered for meat exports signifies potential zoonotic transmission risk, posing possible health threats to consumers.
  • Considering the prevalence of HEV-3 in humans and swine in Brazil, the findings also bring to light the need for more comprehensive veterinary and public health strategies in the country.

Cite This Article

APA
Salgado CRS, Silva ADNE, Arruda IF, Millar PR, Amendoeira MRR, Leon LAA, Teixeira RBC, de Lima JTB, Chalhoub FLL, Bispo de Filippis AM, Fonseca ABM, de Oliveira JM, Pinto MA, Figueiredo AS. (2023). Serological Evidence of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Brazilian Equines. Microorganisms, 11(11), 2743. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11112743

Publication

Microorganisms
ISSN: 2076-2607
NlmUniqueID: 101625893
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 11
PII: 2743

Researcher Affiliations

Salgado, Caroline Roberta Soares
  • Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil.
Silva, Aldaleia do Nascimento E
  • Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil.
Arruda, Igor Falco
  • Laboratório de Toxoplasmose e outras Protozooses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil.
Millar, Patrícia Riddell
  • Laboratório de Toxoplasmose e outras Protozooses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil.
Amendoeira, Maria Regina Reis
  • Laboratório de Toxoplasmose e outras Protozooses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil.
Leon, Luciane Almeida Amado
  • Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil.
Teixeira, Raffaella Bertoni Cavalcanti
  • Clínica de Grandes Animais, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa-UFV, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil.
de Lima, Jorge Tiburcio Barbosa
  • Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais-UFMG, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil.
Chalhoub, Flávia Löwen Levy
  • Laboratório de Arbovírus e Vírus Hemorrágicos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil.
Bispo de Filippis, Ana Maria
  • Laboratório de Arbovírus e Vírus Hemorrágicos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil.
Fonseca, Ana Beatriz Monteiro
  • Departamento de Estatística, Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade Federal Fluminense-UFF, Niterói 24210-346, RJ, Brazil.
de Oliveira, Jaqueline Mendes
  • Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil.
Pinto, Marcelo Alves
  • Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil.
Figueiredo, Andreza Soriano
  • Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil.

Grant Funding

  • no grant number / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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