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Home/Equine Research Bank/Vet Sci/Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Toxoplasma gondii Infect...
Veterinary sciences2023; 10(3); 237; doi: 10.3390/vetsci10030237

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Horses.

Abstract: is classified as intracellular protozoa and is one of the major zoonotic parasites. Most warm-blooded intermediate hosts, including humans, are commonly infected by this parasite. The epidemiology of infection in Egyptian horses is currently poorly understood. Methods: 420 blood samples were randomly collected from horses raised in four governorates in Northern Egypt (110 each from Giza and Kafr El Sheikh, and 100 each from Qalyubia and Gharbia) to investigate the existence of antibodies against using a commercial ELISA kit, and to ascertain the risk factors for the infection. Results: the antibodies for were found in 16.2% (68/420) of the examined horses, with no significant differences among the four studied governorates. The highest prevalence rate was observed in Giza. The results revealed that sex, breed, age, and contact with domestic ruminants or cats were recognized as potential risk factors. The high prevalence rate was found in mixed breed horses (OR = 2.63, 95% CI: 0.95-7.26), mares (OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.31-4.19), and horses aged over 10 years (OR = 2.78, 95% CI: 1.30-3.44). Moreover, the likelihood of seropositivity for infection was higher in horses raised in environments with cats (OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.13-3.44, = 0.017) or domestic ruminants (OR = 2.16, 1.21-3.86, = 0.010). This report confirms that horses in Northern Egypt are exposed to and thus raises the possibility that people and other animals could contract the disease. Conclusions: routine examination and management of infection in horses in these governorates is advised.
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Publication Date: 2023-03-22 PubMed ID: 36977276PubMed Central: PMC10057672DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10030237Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigates the occurrence and risk factors of a zoonotic parasite, Toxoplasma gondii, in horses in Northern Egypt. The study suggests a noticeable prevalence rate of the parasite in horses, identifying mixed breed horses, mares, and older horses as being at higher risk.

Study Objective and Methodology

  • The main aim of this study was to examine and understand the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii, a parasite causing infections in warm-blooded animals including humans, in horses from Northern Egypt.
  • To conduct the study, blood samples were collected randomly from 420 horses across four governorates in that region. The samples were then analyzed using a commercial ELISA kit to detect any antibodies against the parasitic infection.

Results of the Study

  • The results revealed the presence of antibodies for Toxoplasma gondii in around 16.2% of the examined horses, indicating exposure to the parasite in the past.
  • The highest prevalence of the parasite was found in the region of Giza, but there were no significant differences among the four study regions.
  • Risk factors leading to the infection included the horse’s sex, breed, age, and interaction with domestic cats and ruminants.
  • Mixed breed horses, mares, and horses over the age of 10 were shown to have higher prevalence rates.
  • The chance of seropositivity for Toxoplasma gondii infection increased in those horses that were raised in environments with cats or domestic ruminants.

Conclusion and Recommendations

  • The research confirms that horses in Northern Egypt get exposed to Toxoplasma gondii, which highlights a potential risk for people and other animals to contract the disease from infected horses.
  • The authors suggest routine examination and effective management of Toxoplasma gondii infection in horses in these regions to reduce the risk of transmission to humans and other animals.

Cite This Article

APA
Marzok M, Al-Jabr OA, Salem M, Alkashif K, Sayed-Ahmed M, Wakid MH, Kandeel M, Selim A. (2023). Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Horses. Vet Sci, 10(3), 237. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10030237

Publication

Veterinary sciences
ISSN: 2306-7381
NlmUniqueID: 101680127
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 10
Issue: 3
PII: 237

Researcher Affiliations

Marzok, Mohamed
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia.
  • Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr El Sheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh 33511, Egypt.
  • King Faisal University Veterinary Hospital, Al-Asha 31982, Saudi Arabia.
Al-Jabr, Omar A
  • Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Asha 31982, Saudi Arabia.
Salem, Mohamed
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia.
  • King Faisal University Veterinary Hospital, Al-Asha 31982, Saudi Arabia.
  • Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt.
Alkashif, Khalid
  • Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 82722, Saudi Arabia.
Sayed-Ahmed, Mohamed
  • Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 82722, Saudi Arabia.
  • Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
Wakid, Majed H
  • Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
  • Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
Kandeel, Mahmoud
  • Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr El Sheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh 33511, Egypt.
  • Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
Selim, Abdelfattah
  • Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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