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Serum amyloid A and haptoglobin concentrations in serum and peritoneal fluid of healthy horses and horses with acute abdominal pain.
Abstract: Peritoneal fluid (PF) analysis is a valuable diagnostic tool in equine medicine. Markers such as serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin (Hp) could facilitate the diagnosis of inflammatory abdominal conditions. Objective: The objectives were to (1) establish reference intervals (RI) for SAA and Hp in serum and PF in healthy horses, (2) compare SAA and Hp concentrations between healthy horses and horses with colic, and (3) to assess the correlation between serum and PF concentrations. Methods: Serum amyloid A and Hp concentrations were determined by automated assays in prospectively enrolled healthy reference horses and horses with colic. RIs were calculated, group concentrations were compared by Student's t-test, and Pearson's correlation for serum and PF concentrations were determined. Results: In healthy horses (n = 62) the measurements for SAA were below the detection limit (0.5 mg/L) in 94% of serum samples and 98% of PF samples. Horses with colic (n = 61) had statistically significantly increased SAA concentrations in serum (P < .0001) and PF (P = .0013). While PF Hp concentrations were increased in horses with colic the serum concentrations of Hp were decreased (P < .0001). There was a strong correlation between paired serum and PF SAA concentrations (n = 94, R = .72, P < .0001), whereas the correlation between paired serum and PF Hp was weak (n = 94, R = .22, P = .0382). Finally, horses with colic tended to have serum SAA and PF Hp concentrations above the RIs. Conclusions: With the apparent difference between healthy horses and horses with colic and the presently established RIs, serum SAA and PF Hp concentrations represent potential valuable diagnostic markers for inflammatory abdominal conditions in that species.
© 2013 American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology.
Publication Date: 2013-04-11 PubMed ID: 23577834DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12031Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research studied serum amyloid A and haptoglobin concentrations in the serum and peritoneal fluid of healthy horses and those with acute abdominal pain. The findings suggest that these markers can be potentially useful in diagnosing inflammatory abdominal conditions in horses.
Objectives
- The research aimed to establish reference intervals for serum amyloid A and haptoglobin in serum and peritoneal fluid in healthy horses.
- The study sought to compare the concentrations of these two markers between healthy horses and horses with colic.
- Another goal was to evaluate the correlation between serum and peritoneal fluid concentrations of these substances.
Methods
- The researchers enrolled a group of healthy horses and another group of horses suffering from colic for the study.
- They measured serum amyloid A and haptoglobin concentrations using automated assays.
- Reference intervals were calculated, and the investigators used a Student’s t-test to compare the concentrations in the two groups.
- They also determined the correlation between the serum and peritoneal fluid concentrations utilizing Pearson’s method.
Results
- They observed that in healthy horses, the majority of serum samples and peritoneal fluid samples had undetectable levels of serum amyloid A.
- Horses suffering from colic showed significantly elevated levels of serum amyloid A in both serum and peritoneal fluid.
- Greater peritoneal fluid haptoglobin concentrations were observed in horses with colic, while serum concentrations were lower.
- There was a strong correlation between the serum and peritoneal fluid concentrations of serum amyloid A, but the correlation was weak for haptoglobin.
- Horses with colic displayed higher serum amyloid A and peritoneal fluid haptoglobin concentrations above the referred intervals.
Conclusions
- This study implies that serum amyloid A in serum and haptoglobin concentration in peritoneal fluid can be valuable markers in diagnosing inflammatory abdominal conditions in horses due to the noticeable difference between the levels in healthy horses and those with colic.
In summary, the research provides insight into the potential of serum and peritoneal fluid marker concentration evaluation as an important veterinary diagnostic tool.
Cite This Article
APA
Pihl TH, Andersen PH, Kjelgaard-Hansen M, Mørck NB, Jacobsen S.
(2013).
Serum amyloid A and haptoglobin concentrations in serum and peritoneal fluid of healthy horses and horses with acute abdominal pain.
Vet Clin Pathol, 42(2), 177-183.
https://doi.org/10.1111/vcp.12031 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, Large Animal Surgery, Taastrup, Denmark. thpi@sund.ku.dk
MeSH Terms
- Abdomen, Acute / blood
- Abdomen, Acute / diagnosis
- Abdomen, Acute / veterinary
- Animals
- Ascitic Fluid / chemistry
- Ascitic Fluid / metabolism
- Biomarkers / blood
- Colic / blood
- Colic / diagnosis
- Colic / veterinary
- Female
- Haptoglobins / analysis
- Haptoglobins / standards
- Horse Diseases / blood
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horses / blood
- Horses / metabolism
- Male
- Reference Values
- Serum Amyloid A Protein / analysis
- Serum Amyloid A Protein / standards
Citations
This article has been cited 18 times.- Ludwig EK, Hobbs KJ, McKinney-Aguirre CA, Gonzalez LM. Biomarkers of Intestinal Injury in Colic. Animals (Basel) 2023 Jan 7;13(2).
- Hassanpour A, Moghaddam S. Evaluation of serum concentration of acute-phase proteins (haptoglobin and serum amyloid A) in the affected Arabian foals with rhodococcosis. Vet Med Sci 2023 Jan;9(1):144-149.
- Dória RGS, Reginato GM, Hayasaka YB, Fantinato Neto P, Passarelli D, Arantes JA. Complications following transcutaneous cecal trocarization in horses with a cattle trocar and a cecal needle. PLoS One 2022;17(11):e0277468.
- Minamijima Y, Niwa H, Uchida E, Yamamoto K. Comparison of the proteomes in sera between healthy Thoroughbreds and Thoroughbreds with respiratory disease associated with transport using mass spectrometry-based proteomics. J Equine Sci 2021 Mar;32(1):11-15.
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- Long A, Nolen-Walston R. Equine Inflammatory Markers in the Twenty-First Century: A Focus on Serum Amyloid A. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2020 Apr;36(1):147-160.
- Hooijberg EH, Cray C, Steenkamp G, Buss P, Goddard A, Miller M. Assessment of the Acute Phase Response in Healthy and Injured Southern White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum). Front Vet Sci 2019;6:475.
- Musk GC, Jacobsen S, Hyndman TH, Lehmann HS, Tuke SJ, Collins T, Gleerup KB, Johnson CB, Laurence M. Objective Measures for the Assessment of Post-Operative Pain in Bos indicus Bull Calves Following Castration. Animals (Basel) 2017 Sep 28;7(10).
- Andreassen SM, Vinther AML, Nielsen SS, Andersen PH, Tnibar A, Kristensen AT, Jacobsen S. Changes in concentrations of haemostatic and inflammatory biomarkers in synovial fluid after intra-articular injection of lipopolysaccharide in horses. BMC Vet Res 2017 Jun 19;13(1):182.
- Hesselager MO, Codrea MC, Sun Z, Deutsch EW, Bennike TB, Stensballe A, Bundgaard L, Moritz RL, Bendixen E. The Pig PeptideAtlas: A resource for systems biology in animal production and biomedicine. Proteomics 2016 Feb;16(4):634-44.
- Pihl TH, Scheepers E, Sanz M, Goddard A, Page P, Toft N, Andersen PH, Jacobsen S. Influence of disease process and duration on acute phase proteins in serum and peritoneal fluid of horses with colic. J Vet Intern Med 2015 Mar-Apr;29(2):651-8.
- Kristensen L, Buhl R, Nostell K, Bak L, Petersen E, Lindholm M, Jacobsen S. Acute exercise does not induce an acute phase response (APR) in Standardbred trotters. Can J Vet Res 2014 Apr;78(2):97-102.
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- Mirzaei A, Hajimohammadi A. Diagnostic performance of specific oxidative stress biomarkers, acute phase proteins, and certain trace elements in different severities of equine colic. J Equine Sci 2025 Jun;36(2):45-54.
- Tharwat M, Al-Sobayil F. Equine colic: A comprehensive overview of the sonographic evaluation, diagnostic criteria, and management of different categories. Open Vet J 2025 Mar;15(3):1116-1139.
- Tharwat M, Al-Sobayil F, Ali H. Changes in the hematobiochemical, acid-base and blood gas elements as well as biomarkers of inflammation and bone metabolism in donkeys (Equus asinus) with acute bleeding. Open Vet J 2024 May;14(5):1146-1153.
- Hajimohammadi A, Ghane M, Ghari Tehrani M, Paravar B, Mirzaei A, Razavi S, Nikzad M. Association of the severity of colic in horses with oxidative stress biomarkers, acute-phase proteins, and certain trace elements. J Equine Sci 2023 Sep;34(3):73-81.
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