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Serum bile acid composition of the dog, cow, horse and human.
Abstract: The fractionation of serum bile acids was performed in the dog, cow, horse, and human by high performance liquid chromatography equipped with an immobilized 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 alpha-HSD) column. There were significant differences in the bile acid compositions, conjugation patterns and quantities of each bile acid among these animals. Cholic acid was the major primary bile acid in the dog and cow, which constituted 62.9% and 83.5%, respectively, whereas chenodeoxycholic acid was the major acid in the horse and human, which constituted 68.4% and 46.3%, respectively. Taurine conjugates were predominant in the dog and horse, which constituted 94.4% and 85.3%, respectively, whereas glycine conjugates were predominant in the cow and human, which constituted 31.0% and 49.4%, respectively. Although there were several unidentified peaks, it was confirmed that they had a hydroxy group at the C-3 alpha position by chromatographing the samples without the 3 alpha-HSD column.
Publication Date: 1991-02-01 PubMed ID: 1830784DOI: 10.1292/jvms.53.81Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
This study analyzes the composition of bile acids in the serum of dogs, cows, horses, and humans. The findings revealed unique differences in composition, conjugation patterns, and amounts of bile acids among the four species.
Methodology
- The researchers employed high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an immobilized 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 alpha-HSD) column to fractionate serum bile acids. This powerful laboratory separation technique allowed the researchers to examine the different components of bile acids in the serum of each species separately.
Significant Findings
- The study found out remarkable differences in the composition, conjugation patterns, and quantities of bile acids among dogs, cows, horses, and humans.
- Cholic acid emerged as a major primary bile acid in dogs and cows, at 62.9% and 83.5% respectively, while chenodeoxycholic acid was the major acid in horses and humans, at 68.4% and 46.3% respectively. These findings show that even among the different species, there are similar bile acids, but their proportions significantly vary.
- In terms of bile acid conjugation (a process where bile acids bind with amino acids to be excreted from the body), taurine conjugates were seen predominantly in dogs and horses, at 94.4% and 85.3% respectively. In contrast, glycine conjugates were most common in cows and humans, at 31.0% and 49.4% respectively. These variations in conjugation patterns point out that each species has its own distinct way of excreting bile acids.
Unidentified Peaks
- The study also found several unidentified peaks in the chromatographic results. However, after running the samples without the 3 alpha-HSD column, researchers confirmed these unidentified peaks had a hydroxy group at C-3 alpha positions, meaning they also belong to bile acids.
This research opens the floor for further comparative studies and possibly leads to a better understanding of the variation in bile acid metabolism between different species.
Cite This Article
APA
Washizu T, Tomoda I, Kaneko JJ.
(1991).
Serum bile acid composition of the dog, cow, horse and human.
J Vet Med Sci, 53(1), 81-86.
https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.53.81 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Nippon Veterinary and Zootechnical College, Tokyo, Japan.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Bile Acids and Salts / blood
- Cattle / blood
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Dogs / blood
- Horses / blood
- Humans
- Reference Values
Citations
This article has been cited 16 times.- Wang Z, Wang Q, Tang C, Yuan J, Luo C, Li D, Xie T, Sun X, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Guo C, Cao Z, Li S, Wang W. Medium chain fatty acid supplementation improves animal metabolic and immune status during the transition period: A study on dairy cattle. Front Immunol 2023;14:1018867.
- Behroozian S, Sampedro I, Dhodary B, Her S, Yu Q, Stanton BA, Hill JE. Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 Is Attracted to Bovine Bile in a Novel, Cystic Fibrosis-Derived Bronchial Epithelial Cell Model. Microorganisms 2022 Mar 26;10(4).
- Porru E, Scicchitano D, Interino N, Tavella T, Candela M, Roda A, Fiori J. Analysis of fecal bile acids and metabolites by high resolution mass spectrometry in farm animals and correlation with microbiota. Sci Rep 2022 Feb 21;12(1):2866.
- Blaschka C, Sánchez-Guijo A, Wudy SA, Wrenzycki C. Profile of bile acid subspecies is similar in blood and follicular fluid of cattle. Vet Med Sci 2020 May;6(2):167-176.
- Tonin F, Otten LG, Arends IWCE. NAD(+) -Dependent Enzymatic Route for the Epimerization of Hydroxysteroids. ChemSusChem 2019 Jul 5;12(13):3192-3203.
- Arroyo LG, Gomez DE, Martins C. Equine duodenitis-proximal jejunitis: A review. Can Vet J 2018 May;59(5):510-517.
- Tonin F, Arends IWCE. Latest development in the synthesis of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA): a critical review. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018;14:470-483.
- van Beusekom CD, van den Heuvel JJ, Koenderink JB, Schrickx JA, Russel FG. The feline bile salt export pump: a structural and functional comparison with canine and human Bsep/BSEP. BMC Vet Res 2013 Dec 20;9:259.
- Penno CA, Morgan SA, Vuorinen A, Schuster D, Lavery GG, Odermatt A. Impaired oxidoreduction by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 results in the accumulation of 7-oxolithocholic acid. J Lipid Res 2013 Oct;54(10):2874-83.
- Okoli AS, Raftery MJ, Mendz GL. Effects of human and porcine bile on the proteome of Helicobacter hepaticus. Proteome Sci 2012 Apr 25;10:27.
- Schlesinger DP, Rubin SI. Serum bile acids and the assessment of hepatic function in dogs and cats. Can Vet J 1993 Apr;34(4):215-20.
- Melgarejo T, Williams DA, O'Connell NC, Setchell KD. Serum unconjugated bile acids as a test for intestinal bacterial overgrowth in dogs. Dig Dis Sci 2000 Feb;45(2):407-14.
- Donnelly CG, Peng S, Pflieger L, Manfredi J, Coleman M, Rappaport N, Price ND, Finno CJ. Bile acids segregate metabolic syndrome in a cohort of 100 deeply phenotyped horses. Commun Biol 2025 Nov 27;8(1):1711.
- Mir-Makhamad B, Larsen T, Giddings Vassao D, Spengler R 3rd, Wang YV. Bile acids as biomarkers in carbonized archaeological sediment: Insights from dung burning experiments. PLoS One 2025;20(2):e0312699.
- Karakus E, Proksch AL, Moritz A, Geyer J. Quantitative bile acid profiling in healthy adult dogs and pups from serum, plasma, urine, and feces using LC-MS/MS. Front Vet Sci 2024;11:1380920.
- Németh K, Sterczer Á, Kiss DS, Lányi RK, Hemző V, Vámos K, Bartha T, Buzás A, Lányi K. Determination of Bile Acids in Canine Biological Samples: Diagnostic Significance. Metabolites 2024 Mar 22;14(4).
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