Short-term clinical and biochemical responses following treatment with dapagliflozin or ertugliflozin in horses with hyperinsulinemia: A retrospective case series.
Abstract: The metabolic and lipid profiles of horses treated with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors are not well understood. This retrospective study evaluated blood parameters in hyperinsulinemic horses treated with either ertugliflozin (0.05 mg/kg) or dapagliflozin (0.02 mg/kg) orally once daily. Blood samples were collected at baseline (day 0) and after 7 and/or 30 days of treatment. Statistical analyses were conducted using Wilcoxon signed-rank, Mann-Whitney and Spearman's rank correlation tests. Thirty-four horses received dapagliflozin and 24 received ertugliflozin. Significant (p<0.05) within-horse changes between day 0 and day 30 included [median, inter-quartile range (IQR)]: basal serum [Insulin] (uU/ml) reduced 170 (92-280) to 28.7 (14.5-90); [triglycerides] (mmol/l) increased 0.5 (0.3-0.6) to 1.0 (0.6-1.56), [β-hydroxybutyrate] (umol/l) increased 0.22 (0.17-2.7) to 0.30 (0.24-0.35); [total cholesterol] (mmol/l) increased 2.36 (2-2.6) to 2.84 (2.4-3.7); and GGT (IU/ml) increased 21 (16-32) to 25 (18-38). As a percentage of total serum lipids, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) reduced 52.4 % (47.9 %-61.0 %) to 50 % (41 %-54.8 %) and very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) increased 10.4 % (6.4 %-14.4 %) to 12.3 % (9.9 %-16.8 %) (all p 2.0 mmol/l (maximum = 10.8mmol/l). Day 30 [triglyceride] correlated with day 0: basal insulin (rho=0.47); [triglyceride] (rho=0.42); %VLDL (rho=0.34) day 30: [total cholesterol] (rho=0.67), %HDL (rho=-0.432) and %VLDL (rho=0.708). Our findings suggest that SGLT2 inhibitors induce minor changes in lipid profiles, with occasional cases of marked hypertriglyceridemia, and that dapagliflozin and ertugliflozin exhibit similar biochemical effects.
Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Publication Date: 2024-11-19 PubMed ID: 39581155DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106894Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The study examines how sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors Dapagliflozin and Ertugliflozin affect the metabolic and lipid profiles in horses with hyperinsulinemia, finding both drugs prompt minor changes in these profiles.
Study Methodology
- The research is retrospective in nature and focuses on horses diagnosed with hyperinsulinemia – a condition characterized by elevated insulin levels in the blood.
- The horses were treated with either Dapagliflozin or Ertugliflozin orally, once a day, with their blood parameters evaluated before treatment (Day 0) and after 7 and/or 30 days of treatment.
- The chosen sample included 34 horses treated with Dapagliflozin and 24 horses treated with Ertugliflozin.
- Various statistical tests, such as the Wilcoxon signed-rank, Mann-Whitney, and Spearman’s rank correlation tests, were used to analyse the data.
Key Findings
- Significant changes were observed within horses between Day 0 and Day 30, including reduced basal serum insulin levels and increased triglyceride, β-hydroxybutyrate, total cholesterol, and GGT levels.
- In terms of serum lipids, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels decreased, whereas very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels increased.
- No significant differences were noticed between the groups of horses treated with either Dapagliflozin or Ertugliflozin.
- On the 30th day, high triglyceride levels were recorded in about 21% of the cases.
Conclusions
- The study concluded that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors Dapagliflozin and Ertugliflozin induce only minor alterations in lipid profiles, with a few cases showing significant hypertriglyceridemia (an excess of triglycerides in the bloodstream).
- It was also concluded that both drugs have similar biochemical effects, with no significant differences observed in any of the parameters between the groups treated with either drug.
Cite This Article
APA
Sundra T, Knowles E, Rendle D, Kelty E, Lester G, Rossi G.
(2024).
Short-term clinical and biochemical responses following treatment with dapagliflozin or ertugliflozin in horses with hyperinsulinemia: A retrospective case series.
Domest Anim Endocrinol, 90, 106894.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106894 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Avon Ridge Equine Veterinary Services, Brigadoon, Western Australia, Australia; School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia. Electronic address: info@avonridgeequine.com.au.
- The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK; Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic, Mereworth UK.
- EMT Consulting, Tiverton, Devon, UK.
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; Equiimed, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.
Conflict of Interest Statement
Declaration of competing interest David Rendle provides paid consultancy services to BOVA who produce an ertugliflozin paste. Tania Sundra has received subsidised travel expenses to CPD events from BOVA.
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