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Physiological reports2020; 8(11); e14473; doi: 10.14814/phy2.14473

Short-term hypoxic training increases monocarboxylate transporter 4 and phosphofructokinase activity in Thoroughbreds.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate effects of short-term hypoxic training on lactate metabolism in the gluteus medius muscle of Thoroughbreds. Using crossover design (3 months washout), eight Thoroughbred horses were trained for 2 weeks in normoxia (F O  = 21%) and hypoxia (F O  = 18%) each. They ran at 95% maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O ) on a treadmill inclined at 6% for 2 min (3 days/week) measured under normoxia. Before and after each training period, all horses were subjected to an incremental exercise test (IET) under normoxia. Following the 2-week trainings, V̇O in IET increased significantly under both oxygen conditions. The exercise duration in IET increased significantly only after hypoxic training. The monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) 1 protein levels remained unchanged after training under both oxygen conditions, whereas MCT4 protein levels increased significantly after training in hypoxia but not after training in normoxia. Phosphofructokinase activity increased significantly only after hypoxic training, whereas cytochrome c oxidase activity increased significantly only after normoxic training. Our results suggest that hypoxic training efficiently enhances glycolytic capacity and levels of the lactate transporter protein MCT4, which facilitates lactate efflux from the skeletal muscle.
© 2020 The Authors. Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Physiological Society and the American Physiological Society.
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Publication Date: 2020-06-09 PubMed ID: 32512646PubMed Central: PMC7279979DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14473Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research study investigated to understand the effects of short-term hypoxic training on lactate metabolism in horses’ muscle (gluteus medius), specifics to Thoroughbreds. The findings highlighted that such training significantly elevated the levels of the enzyme phosphofructokinase and the lactate transporter protein MCT4, promoting more effective lactate removal from the skeletal muscle.

Experiment Setup and Design

  • Eight Thoroughbred horses were selected for the study, with each subject to a crossover design with a three-month washout period.
  • The horses were trained for two weeks in both normoxia (FO = 21%) and hypoxia (FO = 18%) conditions. The exercise workload was set at 95% of maximum oxygen consumption, with the horses running on a treadmill inclined at 6% for 2 minutes, three days a week.
  • Before and after the training periods, all horses underwent an incremental exercise test (IET) under normoxia.

Results of the Study

  • After the two-week training, an increase in the V̇O under both oxygen conditions was observed during the IET.
  • The duration of exercise in the IET significantly increased only after the hypoxic training, not after normoxic training.
  • No significant change was found in the levels of the monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) 1 protein after the training under both oxygen conditions.
  • In contrast, the MCT4 protein levels increased significantly only after training in hypoxic conditions, but not in the normoxic environment.
  • Also, the phosphofructokinase activity increased significantly after the hypoxic training, whereas the cytochrome c oxidase activity was significantly increased only after the normoxic training.

Interpretation of Results

  • The results present that the short-term hypoxic training enhances the efficiency of the horses’ glycolytic capacity.
  • The increase in the lactate transporter protein, MCT4, suggests its critical role in facilitating more effective lactate efflux from the skeletal muscle.
  • The highlighted changes in the enzyme and protein levels only after the hypoxic training emphasize the role of such exercise regime in modulating lactate metabolism in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Wang W, Mukai K, Takahashi K, Ohmura H, Takahashi T, Hatta H, Kitaoka Y. (2020). Short-term hypoxic training increases monocarboxylate transporter 4 and phosphofructokinase activity in Thoroughbreds. Physiol Rep, 8(11), e14473. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14473

Publication

Physiological reports
ISSN: 2051-817X
NlmUniqueID: 101607800
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 8
Issue: 11
Pages: e14473
PII: e14473

Researcher Affiliations

Wang, Wenxin
  • Department of Human Sciences, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan.
Mukai, Kazutaka
  • Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Tochigi, Japan.
Takahashi, Kenya
  • Department of Sports Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Ohmura, Hajime
  • Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Tochigi, Japan.
Takahashi, Toshiyuki
  • Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Tochigi, Japan.
Hatta, Hideo
  • Department of Sports Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Kitaoka, Yu
  • Department of Human Sciences, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Cross-Over Studies
  • Female
  • Horses
  • Hypoxia / metabolism
  • Male
  • Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters / metabolism
  • Muscle, Skeletal / metabolism
  • Oxygen Consumption
  • Phosphofructokinases / metabolism
  • Physical Conditioning, Animal / methods
  • Physical Conditioning, Animal / physiology

Conflict of Interest Statement

None of the authors has any conflict of interest to disclose.

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Citations

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  4. Mukai K, Ohmura H, Takahashi Y, Ebisuda Y, Yoneda K, Miyata H. Physiological and skeletal muscle responses to high-intensity interval exercise in Thoroughbred horses. Front Vet Sci 2023;10:1241266.
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