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Solute transport in the deep and calcified zones of articular cartilage.
Abstract: (1) To establish whether the tidemark and calcified cartilage are permeable to low molecular weight solutes, thereby providing a potential pathway for nutrition of cells in the deep cartilage. (2) To investigate transport from the subchondral microcirculation into calcified cartilage in an intact perfused joint and the effects on transport of static loading. Methods: The permeability of the tidemark and calcified cartilage was investigated in plugs of cartilage and subchondral bone which formed the membrane of a diffusion cell. Transport from the subchondral microcirculation and the effects of load were studied in an intact perfused joint. Both preparations used the metacarpophalangeal joints of mature horses and fluorescein and rhodamine (m.w. approximately 400 Da) were employed as tracers, assayed by quantitative fluorescence microscopy on histological sections. Results: Calcified cartilage was permeable to both solutes, both from the superficial and the subchondral sides. The effective diffusivity of both solutes was of the order of 9 x 10(-9) cm(2) s(-1), fivefold less than in the uncalcified cartilage. The calcified zone was heterogeneous, with high uptake of both tracers in the vicinity of the tidemark. The distribution volume of rhodamine B was higher than for fluorescein, consistent with a significant anionic charge in the calcified matrix. Static loading of the intact joint did not affect the transport of rhodamine B but caused a significant decrease in concentration of fluorescein both in the surface and deep zones of the tissue. Conclusions: Calcified cartilage is permeable to small solutes and the subchondral circulation may make a significant contribution to the nutrition of deep cartilage in the mature horse. Static loading reduces the uptake of small anionic solutes in the intact joint.
Publication Date: 2007-11-19 PubMed ID: 18023368DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2007.10.001Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research article investigates the permeability of the tidemark and calcified cartilage, areas of mature horse joints, to small solutes. The study discovers that calcified cartilage is permeable to these solutes, suggesting that the subchondral circulation could contribute to the nourishment of deep cartilage in mature horses.
Article Objectives
The study primarily aimed to:
- Determine if tidemark (an interphase line in cartilage) and calcified cartilage are permeable to low molecular weight solutes. This provides a pathway for nutrition of cells in the deeper parts of cartilage.
- Investigate the transport process from the subchondral microcirculation into the calcified cartilage in a fully functional joint, and the effect of static loading on this transport.
Methodology
The investigation involved two preparations:
- The permeability of the tidemark and calcified cartilage was tested using plugs of cartilage and subchondral bone which were used as the membrane of a diffusion cell.
- The subchondral microcirculation’s transport process and its reaction to load were studied in a fully functional, perfused joint.
Both setups used metacarpophalangeal joints of mature horses. Fluorescein and rhodamine, which have a molecular weight of about 400 Da, served as tracers. The tracers were tracked by quantitative fluorescence microscopy on histological sections.
Results
The study found that:
- Calcified cartilage is permeable to both solutes from both the superficial and subchondral sides. The effective diffusivity of both solutes was about 9 x 10(-9) cm(2) s(-1), which is five times lesser than in uncacified cartilage.
- The calcified zone had an irregular uptake of the tracers, with increased uptake around the tidemark area.
- The volume of rhodamine B distribution was higher than for fluorescein, which suggests an anionic charge present in the calcified matrix.
- Static loading in a fully functional joint did not alter the transportation of rhodamine B but resulted in a significant reduction in the concentration of fluorescein in both the surface and deep sections of the tissue.
Conclusions
The study concluded that calcified cartilage is permeable to small solutes and the subchondral circulation can significantly contribute to the nutrition of deep cartilage in mature horses. Moreover, static loading lessens the uptake of small anionic solutes in an intact joint.
Cite This Article
APA
Arkill KP, Winlove CP.
(2007).
Solute transport in the deep and calcified zones of articular cartilage.
Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 16(6), 708-714.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2007.10.001 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Biophysics Group, School of Physics, University of Exeter, UK. k.p.arkill@ex.ac.uk
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Biological Transport / physiology
- Calcification, Physiologic / physiology
- Cartilage, Articular / metabolism
- Cartilage, Articular / physiology
- Diffusion
- Diffusion Chambers, Culture
- Fluorescein / pharmacokinetics
- Horses
- Permeability
- Rhodamines / pharmacokinetics
- Stress, Mechanical
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