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Scientific reports2021; 11(1); 22293; doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-01785-3

Spatiotemporal endometrial transcriptome analysis revealed the luminal epithelium as key player during initial maternal recognition of pregnancy in the mare.

Abstract: During the period of maternal recognition of pregnancy (MRP) in the mare, the embryo needs to signal its presence to the endometrium to prevent regression of the corpus luteum and prepare for establishment of pregnancy. This is achieved by mechanical stimuli and release of various signaling molecules by the equine embryo while migrating through the uterus. We hypothesized that embryo's signals induce changes in the endometrial gene expression in a highly cell type-specific manner. A spatiotemporal transcriptomics approach was applied combining laser capture microdissection and low-input-RNA sequencing of luminal and glandular epithelium (LE, GE), and stroma of biopsy samples collected from days 10-13 of pregnancy and the estrous cycle. Two comparisons were performed, samples derived from pregnancies with conceptuses ≥ 8 mm in diameter (comparison 1) and conceptuses ≤ 8 mm (comparison 2) versus samples from cyclic controls. The majority of gene expression changes was identified in LE and much lower numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in GE and stroma. While 1253 DEGs were found for LE in comparison 1, only 248 were found in comparison 2. Data mining mainly focused on DEGs in LE and revealed regulation of genes related to prostaglandin transport, metabolism, and signaling, as well as transcription factor families that could be involved in MRP. In comparison to other mammalian species, differences in regulation of genes involved in epithelial barrier formation and conceptus attachment and implantation reflected the unique features of equine reproduction at the time of MRP at the molecular level.
© 2021. The Author(s).
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Publication Date: 2021-11-16 PubMed ID: 34785745PubMed Central: PMC8595723DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01785-3Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper examines how molecular signals from a horse embryo induce specific gene expression changes in the endometrium (inner lining of the uterus) during maternal recognition of pregnancy, which help prevent early pregnancy loss and aid establishment of successful pregnancy.

Study Objective and Methodology

  • The researchers intended to investigate how an equine embryo’s signals change the gene expressions of the mare’s endometrial cells during the period of maternal recognition of pregnancy (MRP), a critical stage in which the female reproductive system recognizes the presence of an embryo.
  • They employed a spatiotemporal transcriptomics approach, using laser capture microdissection to extract specific cell types (luminal and glandular epithelium or stroma) from biopsy samples obtained between the 10th and 13th days of pregnancy and the estrous cycle.
  • The gene expression profiles of these cell types were analyzed using low-input-RNA sequencing, and comparisons were made between endometrial samples containing embryos larger than 8 mm, those less than 8mm, and control samples from non-pregnant cycles.

Key Findings

  • The study found that the majority of gene expression changes occurred in the luminal epithelium (LE), while fewer changes were noted in the glandular endometrium (GE) and the stroma.
  • Compared to samples from non-pregnant cycles, there were 1,253 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the LE with embryonic presence greater than 8mm (comparison 1), while only 248 DEGs in the ones with embryos less than 8mm (comparison 2).
  • Further examination of the DEGs in LE revealed the regulation of genes related to prostaglandin transport, metabolism, and signaling, as well as certain transcription factor families which could potentially play important roles during the MRP stage.

Research Implications

  • This research revealed significant variance in the regulation of genes involved in epithelial barrier formation, conceptus attachment, and implantation between horses and other mammalian species. These differences reflect the unique aspects of equine reproduction at the molecular level during MRP.
  • The outcomes contribute to a better understanding of equine reproduction and may help in further refining reproductive treatments for mares and potentially for other mammals as well.

Cite This Article

APA
Rudolf Vegas A, Podico G, Canisso IF, Bollwein H, Almiñana C, Bauersachs S. (2021). Spatiotemporal endometrial transcriptome analysis revealed the luminal epithelium as key player during initial maternal recognition of pregnancy in the mare. Sci Rep, 11(1), 22293. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01785-3

Publication

Scientific reports
ISSN: 2045-2322
NlmUniqueID: 101563288
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Pages: 22293
PII: 22293

Researcher Affiliations

Rudolf Vegas, Alba
  • Institute of Veterinary Anatomy and Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Department for Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, University of Zurich, Lindau, Switzerland.
Podico, Giorgia
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Canisso, Igor F
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Bollwein, Heinrich
  • Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Department for Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, University of Zurich, Lindau, Switzerland.
Almiñana, Carmen
  • Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Lindau, Switzerland.
Bauersachs, Stefan
  • Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Lindau, Switzerland. stefan.bauersachs@uzh.ch.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Embryo, Mammalian
  • Endometrium / metabolism
  • Female
  • Horses
  • Pregnancy
  • Pregnancy, Animal
  • Transcriptome

Grant Funding

  • Project 2018-03 / Pro Pferd Foundation
  • 31003A_173171 / Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Fu00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

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Citations

This article has been cited 6 times.
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