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Home / Equine Research Bank / Biomed Res Int / Steam Sterilization of Equine Bone Block: Morphological and ...
BioMed research international2018; 2018; 9853765; doi: 10.1155/2018/9853765

Steam Sterilization of Equine Bone Block: Morphological and Collagen Analysis.

Abstract: The use of equine bone blocks is widely reported for bone augmentation techniques. The block must be shaped according to the form of the defect that should be regenerated. The shaping could be performed by hand before or during the surgery, in a sterile ambient, or using a CNC milling machine that could not be sterile. The aim of our study was to evaluate if a steam sterilization could provide a medical grade sterilization of the blocks and to evaluate if bone microstructure and collagen structures change after different steam sterilization protocols provided by mainstream autoclave. Methods: Two blocks of equine bone were divided into 16 samples. 1 sample was used as control and not submitted to any treatment. 15 samples were infected with a Streptococcus faecalis bacterial culture. The samples were singularly packed, randomly divided into 3 groups, and submitted to autoclave sterilization on the same device. The groups were submitted to a sterilization cycle (Gr. A: 121°C, 1,16 bar for 20'; Gr. B:134°C, 2,16 bar for 4'; Gr. C: 134°C, 2,16 bar for 3.30 min.). 2 samples for each group were evaluated for the sterility. 3 samples for each group were observed at SEM to notice the macro- and microstructure modification and to confocal microscope to observe the collagen. Results: All samples were sterile. The SEM evaluation showed, in all groups, a preserved morphological structure. Confocal microscope evaluation shows that the collagen structure appears to be more uniform and preserved in group C. Conclusions: Data show that autoclave steam sterilization could be reliable to obtain sterilization of equine bone blocks.
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Publication Date: 2018-08-13 PubMed ID: 30186873PubMed Central: PMC6109994DOI: 10.1155/2018/9853765Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article investigates the effects of steam sterilization on equine bone blocks, focusing on changes in bone microstructure and collagen structures. The study found that steam sterilization achieved the necessary sterilization and had noteworthy impacts on the morphological structure and collagen uniformity of the bone.

Study Objective

  • The primary objective of this research was to evaluate if steam sterilization could provide a medical grade sterilization of equine bone blocks. The researchers also wanted to examine the possible changes in the bone’s microstructure and collagen structures following different steam sterilization protocols implemented by a mainstream autoclave.

Methods

  • For the study, two blocks of equine bone were divided into 16 samples. One sample was used as a control and did not undergo any treatment.
  • The remaining 15 samples were infected with a Streptococcus faecalis bacterial culture, packed separately, and underwent autoclave sterilization.
  • The samples were divided into three groups, each subjected to different sterilization cycles: Group A was exposed to 121°C at 1.16 bar pressure for 20 minutes; Group B was exposed to 134°C at 2.16 bar pressure for 4 minutes; and Group C was exposed to 134°C at 2.16 bar pressure for 3.30 minutes.
  • Sterility was evaluated for two samples from each group.
  • Three samples from each group were examined using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to evaluate macro- and microstructure modification, and a confocal microscope for observing the collagen.

Results

  • All samples were found to be sterile after steam sterilization.
  • The SEM examination revealed that the morphological structure of the bone remained preserved in all groups.
  • Confocal microscope examination showed that the structure of collagen appeared to be more uniform and preserved in the bone samples from Group C.

Conclusions

  • The study concludes that autoclave steam sterilization could be a reliable method to achieve sterilization of the equine bone blocks. More specifically, the steam sterilization method used on Group C, involving exposure to 134°C at 2.16 bar pressure for 3.30 minutes, appeared to be most beneficial in terms of collagen uniformity and preservation.

Cite This Article

APA
Lo Giudice R, Rizzo G, Centofanti A, Favaloro A, Rizzo D, Cervino G, Squeri R, Costa BG, La Fauci V, Lo Giudice G. (2018). Steam Sterilization of Equine Bone Block: Morphological and Collagen Analysis. Biomed Res Int, 2018, 9853765. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9853765

Publication

BioMed research international
ISSN: 2314-6141
NlmUniqueID: 101600173
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 2018
Pages: 9853765
PII: 9853765

Researcher Affiliations

Lo Giudice, R
  • Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Messina University, Italy.
Rizzo, G
  • Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, Italy.
Centofanti, A
  • Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, Italy.
Favaloro, A
  • Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, Italy.
Rizzo, D
  • Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, Italy.
Cervino, G
  • Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, Italy.
Squeri, R
  • Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, Italy.
Costa, B G
  • Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, Italy.
La Fauci, V
  • Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, Italy.
Lo Giudice, G
  • Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, Italy.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Bone Transplantation
  • Collagen / analysis
  • Horses
  • Steam
  • Sterilization

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