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Home / Equine Research Bank / Equine Vet J / Surgical stress influences cytokine content in autologous co...
Equine veterinary journal2014; 47(2); 212-217; doi: 10.1111/evj.12277

Surgical stress influences cytokine content in autologous conditioned serum.

Abstract: No recommendations have been made regarding the relative timing of blood collection for autologous conditioned serum (ACS) preparation and surgical procedures. Objective: 1) To identify effects of surgical stress on cytokine levels in ACS, 2) identify haematological markers for prediction of cytokine production in ACS and 3) investigate the necessity for specialised ACS containers when preparing a cytokine-rich serum. Methods: Experimental in vitro study. Methods: Blood was drawn from 15 stallions admitted for elective castration preoperatively and 22-24 h post operatively and incubated in ACS containers and plastic vacutainer tubes containing Z Serum Clot Activator. Concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1 receptor agonist (IL-1Ra), IL-10, IL-1β, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β were determined in all serum samples and compared between preparation methods and sampling time by ANOVA. Changes in cytokine levels induced by incubation, defined as delta cytokine, were calculated by subtracting the baseline levels from the levels in incubated samples. Based on post operative serum amyloid A (SAA), horses were grouped into 'mild', moderate' and 'marked' surgical stress; delta cytokine levels in post operative samples were compared between these groups by ANOVA. Results: Delta IGF-1 was significantly lower in post operative samples compared with preoperative. Horses in the 'marked' surgical stress group had significantly lower delta IL-1Ra and delta TGF-β than the 'moderate' group and significantly lower delta IGF-1 than the 'mild' group. No association between cytokine levels and haematology variables were identified. Cytokine levels were comparable between serum prepared in blood tubes and in specialised ACS containers. Conclusions: Surgical stress influences the cytokine content in ACS. Useful predictors of cytokine production in ACS were not identified. Specialised ACS containers may not be necessary for preparation of a cytokine-rich serum.
© 2014 EVJ Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2014-05-26 PubMed ID: 24735323DOI: 10.1111/evj.12277Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research explored how surgical stress impacts the presence of cytokines in autologous conditioned serum (ACS), a treatment produced from a patient’s own blood. It found that surgical stress does influence cytokine levels, but no clear markers were identified that could predict this. Additionally, the type of container used to prepare the cytokine-rich serum, whether specialised or standard, didn’t make a significant difference.

Research Objective and Methodology

  • The main aim of the research was to understand how surgical stress impacts the cytokine content in ACS preparation, identify if there are any hematological markers which can predict cytokine production in ACS, and understand the need for specialised ACS preparation containers to make a cytokine-rich serum.
  • For the experimental study, blood was taken pre-and post-operation from 15 stallions who were scheduled for elective castration. Two different containers were used for incubation of the blood samples – ACS containers and plastic tubes containing Z Serum Clot Activator.
  • The levels of various cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1 receptor agonist (IL-1Ra), IL-10, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, were determined and compared between the various preparation methods and sampling times.

Results of the Study

  • The results showed lower delta IGF-1 levels in the samples collected post-surgery as compared to those collected pre-surgery. ACS samples from horses with ‘marked’ surgical stress had significantly lower levels of delta IL-1Ra, delta TGF-β, and delta IGF-1 than those from horses with ‘moderate’ or ‘mild’ stress.
  • No correlation was found between cytokine levels and hematological variables, indicating that it may not be possible to predict the cytokine content in ACS using these variables.
  • Importantly, the study found no significant difference in cytokine levels between serum prepared in standard blood tubes and that in specialised ACS containers, indicating that specialised containers may not be a necessity for the preparation of cytokine-rich serum.

Conclusion of the Study

  • Overall, the study concluded that surgical stress does indeed influence the cytokine content in ACS. However, it doesn’t identify any useful predictors of cytokine production in ACS.
  • Additionally, the study suggests that specialised containers may not be needed for preparing cytokine-rich serum, potentially simplifying the process and reducing costs.

Cite This Article

APA
Fjordbakk CT, Johansen GM, Løvås AC, Oppegård KL, Storset AK. (2014). Surgical stress influences cytokine content in autologous conditioned serum. Equine Vet J, 47(2), 212-217. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.12277

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 47
Issue: 2
Pages: 212-217

Researcher Affiliations

Fjordbakk, C T
  • Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway.
Johansen, G M
    Løvås, A C
      Oppegård, K L
        Storset, A K

          MeSH Terms

          • Animals
          • Blood Specimen Collection / veterinary
          • Cytokines / blood
          • Cytokines / metabolism
          • Gene Expression Regulation / physiology
          • Horses / physiology
          • Horses / surgery
          • Male
          • Orchiectomy / adverse effects
          • Orchiectomy / veterinary
          • Postoperative Period
          • Preoperative Period
          • Serum Amyloid A Protein / metabolism
          • Stress, Physiological / physiology

          Citations

          This article has been cited 10 times.
          1. Bowlby CM, Purmessur D, Durgam SS. Equine peripheral blood CD14(+) monocyte-derived macrophage in-vitro characteristics after GM-CSF pretreatment and LPS+IFN-γ or IL-4+IL-10 differentiation.. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2023 Jan;255:110534.
            doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2022.110534pubmed: 36502640google scholar: lookup
          2. Löfgren M, Ekman S, Ekholm J, Engström M, Fjordbakk CT, Svala E, Holm Forsström K, Lindahl A, Skiöldebrand E. Conditioned serum in vitro treatment of chondrocyte pellets and osteoarthritic explants.. Equine Vet J 2023 Mar;55(2):325-335.
            doi: 10.1111/evj.13582pubmed: 35514185google scholar: lookup
          3. Hale J, Hughes K, Hall S, Labens R. Effects of Production Method and Repeated Freeze Thaw Cycles on Cytokine Concentrations and Microbial Contamination in Equine Autologous Conditioned Serum.. Front Vet Sci 2021;8:759828.
            doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.759828pubmed: 34901249google scholar: lookup
          4. Khella CM, Horvath JM, Asgarian R, Rolauffs B, Hart ML. Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutic Approaches to Prevent or Delay Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis (PTOA) of the Knee Joint with a Focus on Sustained Delivery Approaches.. Int J Mol Sci 2021 Jul 27;22(15).
            doi: 10.3390/ijms22158005pubmed: 34360771google scholar: lookup
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            doi: 10.3390/ani11010234pubmed: 33477808google scholar: lookup
          6. Velloso Alvarez A, Boone LH, Pondugula SR, Caldwell F, Wooldridge AA. Effects of Autologous Conditioned Serum, Autologous Protein Solution, and Triamcinolone on Inflammatory and Catabolic Gene Expression in Equine Cartilage and Synovial Explants Treated With IL-1β in Co-culture.. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:323.
            doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00323pubmed: 32671108google scholar: lookup
          7. Marques-Smith P, Kallerud AS, Johansen GM, Boysen P, Jacobsen AM, Reitan KM, Henriksen MM, Löfgren M, Fjordbakk CT. Is clinical effect of autologous conditioned serum in spontaneously occurring equine articular lameness related to ACS cytokine profile?. BMC Vet Res 2020 Jun 8;16(1):181.
            doi: 10.1186/s12917-020-02391-7pubmed: 32513154google scholar: lookup
          8. Liu SY, Guo WH, Yang B, Li YF, Huang XY, Wang XQ, Chen J, Xue D, Zhou XH. Comparison of stress response following microwave ablation and surgical resection of benign thyroid nodules.. Endocrine 2019 Jul;65(1):138-143.
            doi: 10.1007/s12020-019-01900-5pubmed: 30904997google scholar: lookup
          9. Bogers SH. Cell-Based Therapies for Joint Disease in Veterinary Medicine: What We Have Learned and What We Need to Know.. Front Vet Sci 2018;5:70.
            doi: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00070pubmed: 29713634google scholar: lookup
          10. Wehling P, Evans C, Wehling J, Maixner W. Effectiveness of intra-articular therapies in osteoarthritis: a literature review.. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2017 Aug;9(8):183-196.
            doi: 10.1177/1759720X17712695pubmed: 28835778google scholar: lookup
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