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Journal of medical virology2020; 93(3); 1351-1360; doi: 10.1002/jmv.26621

Susceptibility of livestock and companion animals to COVID-19.

Abstract: While the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to wreak havoc, there is little known about the susceptibility of the livestock and companion animals relative to humans. Here, we explore the susceptibility of companion and agricultural animals, in light of the existing information on natural infections, experimental infections, serosurveillance, and in vitro protein-homology binding interaction studies of the SARS-CoV-2 with the proposed receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 from diverse animal species.
© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Publication Date: 2020-11-10 PubMed ID: 33090532DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26621Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article investigates the susceptibility of livestock and pets to COVID-19, drawing upon evidences from natural infections, experimental infections, and in vitro studies.

Introduction

The primary focus of the research is on determining how susceptible livestock and companion animals (pets like dogs and cats) are to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). This topic has not received exhaustive study, and yet it is incredibly important considering the close interactions humans have with both companion animals and agricultural animals. The research includes observations from natural infections, experimental infections, molecular surveillances and in vitro protein-to-protein (homology binding) interaction studies.

Susceptibility Study Methods

  • Natural Infections: They observed cases where animals had naturally been infected with COVID-19. Natural infections occur when animals get infected in their natural habitats or regular settings, mostly through interactions with humans or other infected animals. There are anecdotal cases of pets being infected by owners, which they took into account.
  • Experimental Infections: These are controlled studies where animals are purposefully infected with the target virus to study its impact. It provides a detailed understanding about the susceptibility of different animals.
  • Serosurveillance: This involves surveillance of populations through the collection and testing of serum specimens to monitor prevalence of the virus and determine the extent of its spread in animal populations.
  • In Vitro Protein-Homology Binding Interaction Studies: These are laboratory-based tests to understand how various animals’ version of the ACE2 receptor (the receptor the virus uses to infiltrate cells) interacts with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It helps inform about possible animal species that could be susceptible to the virus.

Rationale for the Study

The research is valuable for several reasons. First, if household pets or livestock become infected with coronavirus, they could act as reservoirs of the virus and increase its spread. Second, gaining a better understanding about the susceptibility of different species could also shed light on the virus’s zoonotic origins and possible future hosts. Finally, the results of this study are essential in developing further protocols to mitigate risks not only for human health, but also for animal health.

Cite This Article

APA
Sreenivasan CC, Thomas M, Wang D, Li F. (2020). Susceptibility of livestock and companion animals to COVID-19. J Med Virol, 93(3), 1351-1360. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26621

Publication

Journal of medical virology
ISSN: 1096-9071
NlmUniqueID: 7705876
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 93
Issue: 3
Pages: 1351-1360

Researcher Affiliations

Sreenivasan, Chithra C
  • Department of Veterinary Science, Maxwell E. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
Thomas, Milton
  • Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA.
Wang, Dan
  • Department of Veterinary Science, Maxwell E. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
Li, Feng
  • Department of Veterinary Science, Maxwell E. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 / metabolism
  • Animals
  • COVID-19 / epidemiology
  • COVID-19 / transmission
  • COVID-19 / veterinary
  • COVID-19 / virology
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Disease Susceptibility / veterinary
  • Host Specificity
  • Humans
  • Livestock / virology
  • Pets / virology
  • Protein Binding
  • Receptors, Coronavirus / metabolism
  • SARS-CoV-2 / metabolism
  • SARS-CoV-2 / physiology
  • Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / metabolism

Grant Funding

  • William Robert Mills Endowment fund, Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station

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Citations

This article has been cited 18 times.
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