Symmetry in running.
Abstract: Symmetry plays a key role in simplifying the control of legged robots and in giving them the ability to run and balance. The symmetries studied describe motion of the body and legs in terms of even and odd functions of time. A legged system running with these symmetries travels with a fixed forward speed and a stable upright posture. The symmetries used for controlling legged robots may help in elucidating the legged behavior of animals. Measurements of running in the cat and human show that the feet and body sometimes move as predicted by the even and odd symmetry functions.
Publication Date: 1986-03-14 PubMed ID: 3945823DOI: 10.1126/science.3945823Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
This research paper discusses the importance of symmetry in the motion control of legged robots and its potential applications in understanding legged animal behavior. It demonstrates that certain symmetrical patterns used in robot leg control can lead to stable running and balance, noted in both cat and human locomotion.
Understanding Symmetry in Running
- The researchers studied symmetry in the context of robotic locomotion, focusing on the motion of the body and legs.
- They explored these motions through the use of even and odd functions of time which, when used to describe the motion, simplify the execution of stability and forward motion.
- It was observed in the study that legged systems operating under these symmetrical patterns could achieve a consistent forward speed while maintaining an upright posture.
Applications of Symmetry in Robotics
- The insights gained from understanding symmetry in movement can be applied to improve the movement and balance of legged robots.
- By mimicking the symmetrical movement patterns in walking or running, robots could potentially achieve greater stability, improved balance, and more natural, lifelike motion.
Connection to Animal Behavior
- Interestingly, the study found that the symmetries used in controlling legged robots share similarities with the legged behavior observed in animals, specifically cats and humans.
- The findings suggest that the feet and body of these animals sometimes move in accordance with the even and odd symmetry functions used to describe robot motion.
- This implies that there may be universal patterns of symmetry underlying the legged locomotion of both robots and biological organisms, providing valuable insights into the principles governing legged movement as a whole.
Implications and Potential Research
- This research opens the door for further exploration of the patterns of symmetry inherent in legged locomotion, both in terms of robotics and animal movement.
- Better understanding these patterns could potentially lead to advancements in improvement of legged robot design and control.
- Additionally, the study could provide valuable insights into the locomotion of animals, aiding in fields such as veterinary science, animal biology, and understanding the evolution of movement patterns.
Cite This Article
APA
Raibert MH.
(1986).
Symmetry in running.
Science, 231(4743), 1292-1294.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3945823 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Automation
- Cats
- Horses
- Leg / physiology
- Movement
- Running
Citations
This article has been cited 5 times.- Clark KP, Meng CR, Stearne DJ. 'Whip from the hip': thigh angular motion, ground contact mechanics, and running speed. Biol Open 2020 Oct 21;9(10).
- Wilshin S, Haynes GC, Porteous J, Koditschek D, Revzen S, Spence AJ. Morphology and the gradient of a symmetric potential predict gait transitions of dogs. Biol Cybern 2017 Aug;111(3-4):269-277.
- Wei X, Long Y, Wang C, Wang S. A Critical Characteristic in the Transverse Galloping Pattern. Appl Bionics Biomech 2015;2015:631354.
- Gu J, Ye Z, Rae-Grant T, Wang S, Zhao D, Hester J, Webster-Wood VA, Yao L. Optimization and control of actuator networks in variable geometry truss systems using genetic algorithms. Nat Commun 2025 Sep 30;16(1):8432.
- Gong M, Liu Y, Cao Z, Gao B. Strength and Push Gait Asymmetry in Skeleton Athletes. J Hum Kinet 2025 Apr;97:13-25.
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists