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BMC musculoskeletal disorders2013; 14; 54; doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-14-54

Synoviocytes protect cartilage from the effects of injury in vitro.

Abstract: It is well documented that osteoarthritis (OA) can develop following traumatic joint injury and is the leading cause of lameness and subsequent wastage of equine athletes. Although much research of injury induced OA has focused on cartilage, OA is a disease that affects the whole joint organ. Methods: In this study, we investigated the impact of synovial cells on the progression of an OA phenotype in injured articular cartilage. Injured and control cartilage were cultured in the presence of synoviocytes extracted from normal equine synovium. Synoviocytes and cartilage were evaluated for catabolic and anabolic gene expression. The cartilage was also evaluated histologically for loss of extracellular matrix molecules, chondrocyte cell death and chondrocyte cluster formation. Results: The results indicate synoviocytes exert both positive and negative effects on injured cartilage, but ultimately protect injured cartilage from progressing toward an OA phenotype. Synoviocytes cultured in the presence of injured cartilage had significantly reduced expression of aggrecanase 1 and 2 (ADAMTS4 and 5), but also had increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -1 and reduced expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1). Injured cartilage cultured with synoviocytes had increased expression of both collagen type 2 and aggrecanase 2. Histologic examination of cartilage indicated that there was a protective effect of synoviocytes on injured cartilage by reducing the incidence of both focal cell loss and chondrocyte cluster formation, two major hallmarks of OA. Conclusions: These results support the importance of evaluating more than one synovial joint tissue when investigating injury induced OA.
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Publication Date: 2013-02-01 PubMed ID: 23374282PubMed Central: PMC3620939DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-14-54Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research reveals that synoviocytes, cells obtained from the lining of joints, effectively protect injured cartilage from developing further into osteoarthritis, a common joint disease, particularly in horses.

Methods and Procedure:

  • The researchers started by determining the influence of synovial cells on the progression of osteoarthritis symptoms in damaged joint cartilage.
  • Synoviocytes were extracted from normal equine synovium and used to culture injured and control cartilage.
  • Both synoviocytes and cartilage were examined for changes in catabolic (breakdown) and anabolic (building) gene expression.
  • Further examination of the cartilage involved checking for loss of extra cellular matrix molecules, death of chondrocyte cells, and the formation of chondrocyte clusters.

Findings of the Study:

  • It was observed that synoviocytes have both positive and negative impacts on the injured cartilage, but ultimately these cells protect the injured cartilage from progressing towards an osteoarthritis phenotype.
  • Synoviocytes cultured alongside injured cartilage showed significantly reduced expression of enzymes aggrecanase 1 and 2 (scientifically known as ADAMTS4 and 5). At the same time, there was an increase in the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -1, along with diminished expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1).
  • Simultaneously, the injured cartilage cultured with synoviocytes showed an elevation in the expression of both collagen type 2 and aggrecanase 2.
  • The cartilage also displayed reduced incidence of both focal cell loss and the formation of chondrocyte clusters under the influence of synoviocytes, which are tell-tale signs of osteoarthritis.

Conclusion:

  • The findings from this research emphasize the importance of evaluating multiple joint tissues while studying osteoarthritis caused by injury.
  • It underscores the significant role the synoviocytes play in protecting injured cartilage from further damage and degeneration into osteoarthritis.

Cite This Article

APA
Lee CM, Kisiday JD, McIlwraith CW, Grodzinsky AJ, Frisbie DD. (2013). Synoviocytes protect cartilage from the effects of injury in vitro. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 14, 54. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-14-54

Publication

BMC musculoskeletal disorders
ISSN: 1471-2474
NlmUniqueID: 100968565
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 14
Pages: 54

Researcher Affiliations

Lee, Christina M
  • Orthopaedic Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Rd,, Fort Collins, Colorado CO 80523, USA.
Kisiday, John D
    McIlwraith, C Wayne
      Grodzinsky, Alan J
        Frisbie, David D

          MeSH Terms

          • Animals
          • Cartilage, Articular / cytology
          • Cartilage, Articular / injuries
          • Cells, Cultured
          • Chondrocytes / physiology
          • Coculture Techniques
          • Horses
          • Stifle / cytology
          • Stifle / injuries
          • Synovial Fluid / cytology
          • Synovial Fluid / physiology

          Grant Funding

          • R01 AR060331 / NIAMS NIH HHS
          • AR60331 / NIAMS NIH HHS

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          Citations

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