Tear, cornea, and aqueous humor concentrations of ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin after topical ocular application in ophthalmologically normal horses.
Abstract: To determine ocular tissue drug concentrations after topical ocular administration of 0.3% ciprofloxacin and 0.5% moxifloxacin in ophthalmologically normal horses. Methods: 24 ophthalmologically normal adult horses. Methods: 0.3% ciprofloxacin and 0.5% moxifloxacin solutions (0.1 mL) were applied to the ventral conjunctival fornix of 1 eye in each horse as follows: group 1 (n = 8) at 0, 2, 4, and 6 hours; group 2 (8) at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 10 hours; and group 3 (8) at 0, 2, 4, 6, 10, and 14 hours. Tears, cornea, and aqueous humor (AH) were collected at 8, 14, and 18 hours for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Drug concentrations were determined via high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: Median (25th to 75th percentile) concentrations of ciprofloxacin for groups 1, 2, and 3 in tears (μg/mL) were 53.7 (25.5 to 88.8), 48.5 (19.7 to 74.7), and 24.4 (15.4 to 67.1), respectively; in corneal tissue (μg/g) were 0.95 (0.60 to 1.02), 0.37 (0.32 to 0.47), and 0.48 (0.34 to 0.95), respectively; and in AH were lower than the limit of quantification in all groups. Concentrations of moxifloxacin for groups 1, 2, and 3 in tears (μg/mL) were 188.7 (44.5 to 669.2), 107.4 (41.7 to 296.5), and 178.1 (70.1 to 400.6), respectively; in corneal tissue (μg/g) were 1.84 (1.44 to 2.11), 0.78 (0.55 to 0.98), and 0.77 (0.65 to 0.97), respectively; and in AH (μg/mL) were 0.06 (0.04 to 0.08), 0.03 (0.02 to 0.05), and 0.02 (0.01 to 0.04), respectively. Corneal moxifloxacin concentrations were significantly higher in group 1 than groups 2 and 3. Conclusions: After topical ocular administration, fluoroquinolones can reach therapeutic concentrations in tears and corneal tissue of horses, even when there is an intact epithelium.
Publication Date: 2011-03-02 PubMed ID: 21355744DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.72.3.398Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This study investigates the concentration levels of the drugs ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin in ocular tissues and fluids of horses after being applied topically. The results indicate that these drugs can reach therapeutic concentrations in horse tears and corneal tissue, even when the epithelium is intact.
Methodology
- The researchers used 24 adult horses with no known ocular conditions as subjects for this study.
- Each horse had a 0.1 mL solution of either 0.3% ciprofloxacin or 0.5% moxifloxacin applied to the ventral conjunctival fornix (the space between the eye’s lower lid and the eyeball) in one eye. The timing of the applications varied between the test groups.
- Post-application, the team collected tears, corneal tissue, and aqueous humor (the transparent fluid in the front of the eyeball) at different time intervals, depending on the group.
- The researchers determined drug concentrations through high-performance liquid chromatography, an analytical chemistry technique used to identify, quantify, and separate each component in a mixture.
Results
- The concentration of ciprofloxacin in tears, corneal tissue, and aqueous humor varied across the groups, with the highest median concentration observed in group 1 for tears and corneal tissue. However, the concentrations in aqueous humor were lower than the quantification limit for all groups.
- Moxifloxacin concentrations were also measured. In tears, the highest median concentration was observed in group 1. Regarding the corneal tissue, the highest concentration was found in group 1, while in aqueous humor, all groups showed low concentrations.
- The team noted a significant difference between the corneal moxifloxacin concentrations in group 1 and groups 2 and 3.
Conclusions
- This study proves that when ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin are topically applied to the eye, they can reach therapeutic levels in the tears and corneal tissue of horses, regardless of the state of the epithelium.
- This information can be beneficial for future medical treatments and therapeutic measures in veterinary medicine, especially regarding ocular conditions in horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Westermeyer HD, Hendrix DV, Ward DA, Cox SK.
(2011).
Tear, cornea, and aqueous humor concentrations of ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin after topical ocular application in ophthalmologically normal horses.
Am J Vet Res, 72(3), 398-403.
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.72.3.398 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Administration, Topical
- Animals
- Anti-Bacterial Agents / metabolism
- Aqueous Humor / metabolism
- Aza Compounds / blood
- Aza Compounds / pharmacokinetics
- Ciprofloxacin / blood
- Ciprofloxacin / pharmacokinetics
- Cornea / metabolism
- Fluoroquinolones
- Horse Diseases / drug therapy
- Horses / blood
- Horses / metabolism
- Keratitis / drug therapy
- Keratitis / veterinary
- Moxifloxacin
- Quinolines / blood
- Quinolines / pharmacokinetics
- Tears / metabolism
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Fuchs K, Rinder M, Dietrich R, Banspach L, Ammer H, Korbel R. Penetration of Enrofloxacin in Aqueous Humour of Avian Eyes. Vet Sci 2022 Dec 23;10(1).
- Czerwinski SL, Lyon AW, Skorobohach B, Léguillette R. Pharmacokinetic analysis of topical tobramycin in equine tears by automated immunoassay. BMC Vet Res 2012 Aug 21;8:141.
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