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Animal genetics2019; 51(1); 3-13; doi: 10.1111/age.12870

Telomere regulation: lessons learnt from mice and men, potential opportunities in horses.

Abstract: Telomeres are genetically conserved nucleoprotein complexes located at the ends of chromosomes that preserve genomic stability. In large mammals, somatic cell telomeres shorten with age, owing to the end replication problem and lack of telomere-lengthening events (e.g. telomerase and ALT activity). Therefore, telomere length reflects cellular replicative reserve and mitotic potential. Environmental insults can accelerate telomere attrition in response to cell division and DNA damage. As such, telomere shortening is considered one of the major hallmarks of ageing. Much effort has been dedicated to understanding the environmental perturbations that accelerate telomere attrition and therapeutic strategies to preserve or extend telomeres. As telomere dynamics seem to reflect cumulative cellular stress, telomere length could serve as a biomarker of animal welfare. The assessment of telomere dynamics (i.e. rate of shortening) in conjunction with telomere-regulating genes and telomerase activity in racehorses could monitor long-term animal health, yet it could also provide some unique opportunities to address particular limitations with the use of other animal models in telomere research. Considering the ongoing efforts to optimise the health and welfare of equine athletes, the purpose of this review is to discuss the potential utility of assessing telomere length in Thoroughbred racehorses. A brief review of telomere biology in large and small mammals will be provided, followed by discussion on the biological implications of telomere length and environmental (e.g. lifestyle) factors that accelerate or attenuate telomere attrition. Finally, the utility of quantifying telomere dynamics in horses will be offered with directions for future research.
© 2019 Stichting International Foundation for Animal Genetics.
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Publication Date: 2019-10-21 PubMed ID: 31637754DOI: 10.1111/age.12870Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

Telomere regulation, specifically its relationship with age and environmental stress, is explored in this research with a focus on Thoroughbred racehorses. The paper suggests that understanding telomere dynamics could serve as a biomarker for long-term animal health, and even unearth potential opportunities in telomere research.

Understanding Telomere Regulation

  • Telomeres are genetically conserved nucleoprotein complexes found at the ends of chromosomes that safeguard genomic stability. They are recognized as one of the major hallmarks of ageing as they tend to shorten in somatic cells of large mammals, including horses, as they age. This is due to the end replication problem and lack of telomere lengthening events such as telomerase and ALT activity.
  • The length of a telomere reflects cellular proliferative reserve and mitotic potential. Also, external stressors can hasten telomere depletion in response to cell division and DNA damage. Hence, telomere dynamics reflect cumulative cellular stress and can be potentially utilized as a biomarker of animal welfare.

Thoroughbred Racehorses as Potential Research Subjects

  • The research proposes the idea of studying telomere dynamics in conjunction with telomere-regulating genes and telomerase activity in racehorses as a means to monitor their long-term health. As equine athletes, these horses are subjected to intense physical activity, making them suitable subjects for studying telomere attrition.
  • Due to the unique lifestyle and environmental factors that horses are exposed to, studying telomere attrition in horses could possibly address specific limitations with other animal models in telomere research, thus opening up new research opportunities through this approach.

Future Directions for Research

  • The research concludes by proposing future directions for research in the field. These include quantifying telomere dynamics in racehorses and taking into consideration the biological implications of telomere length and environmental factors that quicken or slow down telomere depletion.

Cite This Article

APA
Denham J. (2019). Telomere regulation: lessons learnt from mice and men, potential opportunities in horses. Anim Genet, 51(1), 3-13. https://doi.org/10.1111/age.12870

Publication

Animal genetics
ISSN: 1365-2052
NlmUniqueID: 8605704
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 51
Issue: 1
Pages: 3-13

Researcher Affiliations

Denham, J
  • School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Bundoora West Campus, RMIT University, Room 53, Level 4, Building 202, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Genomic Instability
  • Horses / genetics
  • Humans
  • Telomere / ultrastructure
  • Telomere Shortening

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Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
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