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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Immunol Immunopathol / Temporal regulation of cytokine mRNA expression in equine re...
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology2005; 108(1-2); 237-245; doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2005.07.013

Temporal regulation of cytokine mRNA expression in equine recurrent airway obstruction.

Abstract: Acute and chronic inflammation of the airway remains an important health problem for equids. "Heaves" or recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) remains one of the most commonly diagnosed conditions affecting the lung of older horses in Europe and the United States. The typical clinical signs of RAO include non-productive coughing, serous nasal discharge, labored expiratory effort, and flaring of the nostrils. Auscultation of the lungs of the affected horse often reveals abnormal respiratory sounds, described as crackles and wheezes, throughout the area of the lung field. These clinical signs occur secondary to an inflammatory response that results in bronchospasm, excessive mucus production and airway obstruction. This inflammatory response is characterized by the presence of excessive mucus and inflammatory cells, primarily neutrophils, in the small airways. Most evidence suggests that RAO is the result of a pulmonary hypersensitivity to inhaled antigens. Exposure of affected horses to hay dust, pollens, and mold spores leads to neutrophil accumulation in the lung and bronchospasm. The identification of allergen-specific IgE in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and sera of affected horses supports the involvement of a late phase, IgE-mediated, hypersensitivity reaction in the pathogenesis of equine RAO. The production of IgE antibodies is regulated by the cytokines IL-4 and IL-13. Using a quantitative PCR method we have reported that horses with RAO exhibit a modified Type 2 cytokine response characterized by the production of IL-4 and IL-13 mRNA, but not IL-5 mRNA in BAL cells. Interferon-gamma mRNA was also elevated, suggesting a mixed response. While these results are consistent with equine RAO being the result of an aberrant Type 2 cytokine response to inhaled allergens, others have failed to find any evidence of elevated Type 2 cytokine mRNA in BAL from horses with "heaves". It is likely that these disparate results could be the result of differences in the clinical stage of the affected animals or the timing of sample collection. Here, we report a diverse pattern of cytokine gene expression when sampling a group of affected horses over a period of time.
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Publication Date: 2005-08-16 PubMed ID: 16098607DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2005.07.013Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research explores the involvement of certain cytokines (cell signalling proteins), particularly IL-4 and IL-13, in an equine respiratory disease known as recurrent airway obstruction (RAO), akin to human asthma. The study takes into account the possible impact of varying stages of the disease and timing of data collection on the inconsistency of earlier findings about cytokine presence.

Exploring the Context and Problem

  • The study revolves around the health issue of recurrent airway obstruction (RAO), a common condition affecting older horses in the United States and Europe. RAO, colloquially known as “heaves”, is characterized by signs like non-productive coughing, nasal discharge, difficulty breathing, and abnormal respiratory sounds.
  • The symptoms stem from an inflammatory response leading to bronchospasm, excessive mucus production, and airway obstruction. This inflammatory response tends to feature neutrophils (a type of white blood cell) and large amounts of mucus in the small airways of the lungs.
  • RAO is primarily seen as a hypersensitivity reaction to particles like hay dust, pollution, mold spores, and more. These antigens lead to neutrophil build-up and bronchospasm in affected horses.

The Research Gap and Investigation

  • Research suggests that this hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by a late phase, IgE-mediated response. The IgE antibodies are regulated by the cytokines IL-4 and IL-13.
  • Previous studies showed that horses with RAO display a skewed Type 2 cytokine response that involves the production of IL-4 and IL-13 mRNA but not IL-5 mRNA in bronchoalveolar lavage (fluid collected from the lungs) cells. They also saw elevated levels of interferon-gamma mRNA, indicating a mixed response.
  • However, these findings haven’t been consistently replicated, with some researchers unable to find elevated levels of Type 2 cytokine mRNA in the lungs of horses with RAO. The authors propose that these conflicting results could be due to differences in the disease stage or the timing of the sample collection.

Objective and Methodology

  • The researchers intended to address this inconsistency by monitoring how the gene expression levels of certain cytokines change in a group of horses with RAO over a set period.
  • The methodology involved using a quantitative PCR method, which enables precise and sensitive measurement of changes in gene expression levels.

Cite This Article

APA
Horohov DW, Beadle RE, Mouch S, Pourciau SS. (2005). Temporal regulation of cytokine mRNA expression in equine recurrent airway obstruction. Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 108(1-2), 237-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2005.07.013

Publication

Veterinary immunology and immunopathology
ISSN: 0165-2427
NlmUniqueID: 8002006
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 108
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 237-245

Researcher Affiliations

Horohov, D W
  • Department of Veterinary Science, Maxwell Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0099, USA. David.Horohov@uky.edu
Beadle, R E
    Mouch, S
      Pourciau, S S

        MeSH Terms

        • Airway Obstruction / genetics
        • Airway Obstruction / immunology
        • Airway Obstruction / veterinary
        • Allergens
        • Animals
        • Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / immunology
        • Case-Control Studies
        • Cytokines / genetics
        • Gene Expression Regulation
        • Horse Diseases / genetics
        • Horse Diseases / immunology
        • Horses
        • Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / genetics
        • Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / immunology
        • Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / veterinary
        • RNA, Messenger / biosynthesis
        • RNA, Messenger / genetics
        • Recurrence
        • Time Factors

        Citations

        This article has been cited 19 times.
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