Ten clinical cases of human infection with venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus, subtype I-D.
Abstract: The clinical and laboratory findings in ten humans infected with Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, subtype I-D, are described in this report. Clinical and laboratory data indicate that, in contrast to equine infections, human infection with these enzootic virus strains (I-D) is similar to human infection with epizootic strains (I-ABC). In most cases there was an abrupt onset of fever, muscle pain, and vomiting. Virus was recovered from sera obtained during the first 3 days of illness. Lymphopenia occurred in all patients, and neutropenia occurred in three. No sequelae of these infections were apparent.
Publication Date: 1979-03-01 PubMed ID: 222156DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1979.28.329Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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This research article discusses the symptoms and laboratory results of ten patients infected with the Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, subtype I-D.
Overview of Research
Conducted on 10 human patients and based on the assessment of clinical as well as laboratory data, this research focusses on detailing the effects and implications of infection caused by a subtype of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), specifically subtype I-D.
Findings on Human Infection
- The infection in humans shows similar symptoms as those infected with other strains of the same virus, mainly the epizootic strains; namely subtype I-ABC.
- Symptoms observed in patients infected with subtype I-D included fever, muscle pain, and vomiting, which tend to abruptly appear at the onset of the infection.
- These symptoms were observed in most cases, indicating a common pattern in the effect of the infection among different patients.
Laboratory Findings
- Virus presence was confirmed through sera obtained from the infected patients during the first three days of illness. However, the paper does not detail the methods used in the virus detection process.
- All patients exhibited lymphopenia, which is a condition characterized by abnormally low levels of lymphocytes in the blood. Lymphocytes are crucial for the body’s immune response, suggesting that the infection significantly impacts the immune system.
- Three out of the ten patients also developed neutropenia, another condition that involves a decrease in a specific type of white blood cell (neutrophils), also hinting at interference with the body’s immune response.
Long-term Effects and Conclusion
- Interestingly, the research indicates that no sequelae, or subsequent health complications, were observed to be directly caused by these infections, suggesting that despite its acute manifestations, the virus may not contribute to long-term health issues.
- Overall, the research deepens the understanding of human infection by the Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, subtype I-D, mapping out the primary inflammatory responses and the virus’ influence on the immune system, while also establishing its symptom pattern.
Cite This Article
APA
Dietz WH, Peralta PH, Johnson KM.
(1979).
Ten clinical cases of human infection with venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus, subtype I-D.
Am J Trop Med Hyg, 28(2), 329-334.
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1979.28.329 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Encephalomyelitis, Equine / pathology
- Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine / blood
- Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine / pathology
- Enterovirus / isolation & purification
- Enterovirus / pathogenicity
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
Citations
This article has been cited 15 times.- Watts DM, Russell KL, Wooster MT, Sharp TW, Morrison AC, Kochel TJ, Bautista CT, Block K, Guevara C, Aguilar P, Palermo PM, Calampa C, Porter KR, Hayes CG, Weaver SC, de Rosa AT, Vinetz JM, Shope RE, Gotuzzo E, Guzman H, Tesh RB. Etiologies of Acute Undifferentiated Febrile Illnesses in and near Iquitos from 1993 to 1999 in the Amazon River Basin of Peru.. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022 Nov 14;107(5):1114-1128.
- Burke CW, Froude JW, Rossi F, White CE, Moyer CL, Ennis J, Pitt ML, Streatfield S, Jones RM, Musiychuk K, Kervinen J, Zeitlin L, Yusibov V, Glass PJ. Therapeutic monoclonal antibody treatment protects nonhuman primates from severe Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus disease after aerosol exposure.. PLoS Pathog 2019 Dec;15(12):e1008157.
- Rusnak JM, Dupuy LC, Niemuth NA, Glenn AM, Ward LA. Comparison of Aerosol- and Percutaneous-acquired Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis in Humans and Nonhuman Primates for Suitability in Predicting Clinical Efficacy under the Animal Rule.. Comp Med 2018 Oct 1;68(5):380-395.
- Juarez D, Guevara C, Wiley M, Torre A, Palacios G, Halsey ES, Ampuero S, Leguia M. Isolation of Complete Equine Encephalitis Virus Genome from Human Swab Specimen, Peru.. Emerg Infect Dis 2018 Aug;24(8):1578-1580.
- Reed DS, Glass PJ, Bakken RR, Barth JF, Lind CM, da Silva L, Hart MK, Rayner J, Alterson K, Custer M, Dudek J, Owens G, Kamrud KI, Parker MD, Smith J. Combined alphavirus replicon particle vaccine induces durable and cross-protective immune responses against equine encephalitis viruses.. J Virol 2014 Oct;88(20):12077-86.
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- Martin SS, Bakken RR, Lind CM, Garcia P, Jenkins E, Glass PJ, Parker MD, Hart MK, Fine DL. Comparison of the immunological responses and efficacy of gamma-irradiated V3526 vaccine formulations against subcutaneous and aerosol challenge with Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus subtype IAB.. Vaccine 2010 Jan 22;28(4):1031-40.
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