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Frontiers in psychology2019; 10; 849; doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00849

Testing for Behavioral and Physiological Responses of Domestic Horses (Equus caballus) Across Different Contexts – Consistency Over Time and Effects of Context.

Abstract: In a number of species, consistent behavioral differences between individuals have been described in standardized tests, e.g., novel object, open field test. Different behavioral expressions are reflective of different coping strategies of individuals in stressful situations. A causal link between behavioral responses and the activation of the physiological stress response is assumed but not thoroughly studied. Also, most standard paradigms investigating individual behavioral differences are framed in a fearful context, therefore the present study aimed to add a test in a more positive context, the feeding context. We assessed individual differences in physiological [heart rate (HR)] and behavioral responses (presence or absence of pawing, startle response, defecation, snorting) of 20 domestic horses () in two behavioral experiments, a novel object presentation and a pre-feeding excitement test. Experiments were conducted twice, once between July and August, and once between September and October. Both experiments caused higher mean HR in the first 10 s after stimulus presentation compared to a control condition, but mean HR did not differ between the experimental conditions. In the novel object experiment, horses displaying stress-related behaviors during the experiments also showed a significantly higher HR increase compared to horses which did not display any stress-related behaviors, reflecting a correlation between behavioral and physiological responses to the novel object. On the contrary, in the pre-feeding experiments, horses that showed fewer behavioral responses had a greater HR increase, indicating the physiological response being due to emotional arousal and not behavioral activity. Moreover, HR response to experimental situations varied significantly between individuals. Individual average HR was significantly repeatable across both experiments, whereas HR increase was only significantly repeatable during the novel object and not the pre-feeding experiment. Conversely, behavioral response was not repeatable. In conclusion, our findings show that horses' behavioral and physiological responses differed between test situations and that emotional reactivity, shown via mean HR and HR increase, is not always displayed behaviorally, suggesting that behavioral and physiological responses may be regulated independently according to context.
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Publication Date: 2019-04-18 PubMed ID: 31057468PubMed Central: PMC6482254DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00849Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research study explores the behavioral and physiological differences in domestic horses in relation to stressful situations. The study attempts to demonstrate a link between these responses and the activation of the stress response. This was achieved through conducting two sets of behavioral experiments – a novel object presentation and a pre-feeding excitement test.

Objective and Methodology

  • The researchers set out to understand stress responses in domestic horses across different contexts and determine if these responses are consistent over time.
  • In carrying out the study, the researchers conducted two behavioral experiments: a novel object presentation, and a pre-feeding excitement test on 20 horses.
  • The experiments were conducted twice, once between July and August and once between September and October, to assess the consistency of the results over time.

Results: Behavioral and Physiological Responses

  • According to the study, both the novel object presentation and pre-feeding excitement tests caused an increase in heart rate in the horses, which suggests that both conditions led to an arousal or stress response.
  • In the novel object experiment, horses reflecting stress-related behaviors showed a significant increase in heart rate as compared to horses that did not display these behaviors. This shows an evident correlation between behavioral and physiological responses in relation to the novel object.
  • Conversely, in the pre-feeding experiments, the heart rate increase was noted more in horses that demonstrated fewer behavioral responses. The researchers suggested that this physiological response was due to emotional arousal and not behavioral activity.

Individual Differences and Repeatability

  • The heart rate responses varied significantly between individual horses, even under similar experimental conditions.
  • The average heart rate of each horse was significantly repeatable across both experiments, which means there was consistency regardless of the experimental context.
  • Heart rate increase only showed repeatability in the novel object experiment and not in the pre-feeding test.
  • Behavioral responses, however, were not repeatable, demonstrating variability in these responses across different testing scenarios.

Conclusions

  • The results revealed that horses respond differently in different scenarios and their behavior does not always correlate with their physiological responses. It also suggests that behavioral and physiological responses can be independently regulated based on the specific context.
  • It underlines the importance of considering both physical and behavioral cues to understand the stress responses in horses more accurately.

Cite This Article

APA
Safryghin A, Hebesberger DV, Wascher CAF. (2019). Testing for Behavioral and Physiological Responses of Domestic Horses (Equus caballus) Across Different Contexts – Consistency Over Time and Effects of Context. Front Psychol, 10, 849. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00849

Publication

Frontiers in psychology
ISSN: 1664-1078
NlmUniqueID: 101550902
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 10
Pages: 849
PII: 849

Researcher Affiliations

Safryghin, Alexandra
  • Behavioural Ecology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Hebesberger, Denise V
  • Behavioural Ecology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Wascher, Claudia A F
  • Behavioural Ecology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

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