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Equine veterinary journal2019; 52(3); 391-398; doi: 10.1111/evj.13187

The association between collagen and bone biomarkers and radiographic osteoarthritis in the distal tarsal joints of horses.

Abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA) of the distal intertarsal (DIT) and tarsometatarsal (TMT) joints occurs commonly. Synovial fluid (SF) biomarkers of collagen and bone turnover have potential clinical value. Objective: To measure SF biomarker concentrations from DIT and TMT joints in adult horses and determine if they correlate with radiographic OA severity and are higher in joints with radiographic OA compared to controls. Methods: Cross-sectional. Methods: Radiographic OA of DIT and TMT joints was evaluated from adult horses (5-35 years old). Overall radiographic scores divided horses into those with mild or moderate radiographic OA (16 joints from 9 horses) or controls (13 joints from 9 horses). Direct biomarkers of OA (Carboxypropeptide of type II collagen = CPII, carboxy-neoepitope of type II collagen exposed after collagenase-cleavage = C2C, Bone alkaline phosphatase = BAP and Chondroitin sulfate epitope = CS846) were measured via ELISA and CPII/C2C was calculated. Biomarkers were correlated with radiographic findings and concentrations from those with radiographic OA to control joints and were compared. Results: Concentrations of CPII (R = 0.84, P<0.001), C2C (R = 0.69, P<0.001) and BAP (R = 0.41, P = 0.03) as well as CPII/C2C (R = 0.69, P<0.001) values positively correlated with overall radiographic scores. Adjusted means ± s.d., after controlling for age, for CPII (P<0.001), C2C (P<0.001), CPII/C2C (P = 0.004) and BAP (P = 0.05) were significantly higher in DIT and TMT joints with radiographic OA (CPII: 2174.45 ± 1064.01; C2C: 233.52 ± 51.187; CPII/C2C: 9.01 ± 4.09; BAP: 21.98 ± 15.34) compared to controls (CPII: 594.53 ± 463.05; C2C: 153.12 ± 48.95; CPII/C2C: 3.96 ± 2.38; BAP: 12.76 ± 3.61). CPII (P<0.001), C2C (P = 0.001) and CPII/C2C (P = 0.001) were significantly higher with moderate radiographic OA (CPII: 2444.61 ± 772.78; C2C: 248.90 ± 44.94; CPII/C2C: 9.47 ± 2.97) compared to controls (CPII: 658.38 ± 417.36; C2C: 156.49 ± 47.61; CPII/C2C: 4.15 ± 2.04), with CPII also showing significantly higher concentrations (P = 0.04) with mild radiographic OA compared (1515.00 ± 584.95) to controls (658.38 ± 417.36). There were no differences in CS846 concentrations between radiographic OA and control joints. Age positively correlated with CPII (R = 0.48, P = 0.01) and C2C (R = 0.44, P = 0.02) concentrations. Conclusions: Radiographic OA was assessed, not clinical lameness. Controls were not age-matched to those with spontaneous radiographic OA. Conclusions: There is an association between collagen (CPII, C2C and CPII/C2C) and bone (BAP) biomarkers and radiographic OA in the distal tarsal joints of horses.
© 2019 EVJ Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2019-11-16 PubMed ID: 31596508DOI: 10.1111/evj.13187Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research studied the relationship between collagen (a protein that aids in supporting body tissues) and bone biomarker levels in the synovial fluid of horses, and the occurrence of osteoarthritis in distal tarsal joints of horses. The results show a positive correlation between these biomarkers and the severity of osteoarthritis as presented in radiographic imaging.

Objective and Methods

  • The purpose of this study was to ascertain if levels of certain biomarkers (CPII, C2C, BAP, and CS846) found in the synovial fluid of distal intertarsal (DIT) and tarsometatarsal (TMT) joints in adult horses correlate with the severity of osteoarthritis (OA), a common joint disease.
  • The study employed a cross-sectional design, evaluating radiographic images of DIT and TMT joints from adult horses aged 5 to 35 years old.
  • The overall radiographic scores were used to categorize the horses into those with mild or moderate radiographic OA and those without (controls).
  • The biomarkers were measured through an ELISA test, a commonly used method for measuring concentrations of proteins in biological samples.
  • The calculated CPII/C2C ratio, in addition to individual readings of CPII, C2C, and BAP levels, were evaluated to see if they positively correlated with radiographic scores.

Findings

  • The research found positive correlations between the radiographic scores and concentrations of CPII, C2C, and BAP, and CPII/C2C values.
  • After accounting for age, significantly higher biomarker levels were found in the DIT and TMT joints with radiographic OA compared to the control joints.
  • The study also found that CPII, C2C, and CPII/C2C levels were significantly higher in cases with moderate radiographic OA compared to controls. Additionally, CPII levels were significantly higher in cases with mild radiographic OA compared to controls.
  • No significant difference was found in CS846 concentrations between OA and control joints.
  • A positive correlation was found between horse age and CPII and C2C concentrations. This means that as a horse ages, its CPII and C2C concentrations increase.

Conclusions

  • This study only used radiographic assessments of OA and did not consider clinical lameness as a factor. Furthermore, the control group was not age-matched with the group displaying spontaneous radiographic OA.
  • Despite these limitations, the study concluded that there is a significant relationship between collagen (CPII, C2C, and CPII/C2C) and bone (BAP) biomarkers and radiographic OA in the distal tarsal joints of horses.
  • This study suggests potential clinical applications in the early detection and management of OA in horses by monitoring these biomarker levels.

Cite This Article

APA
Coppelman EB, David FH, Tóth F, Ernst NS, Trumble TN. (2019). The association between collagen and bone biomarkers and radiographic osteoarthritis in the distal tarsal joints of horses. Equine Vet J, 52(3), 391-398. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13187

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 52
Issue: 3
Pages: 391-398

Researcher Affiliations

Coppelman, E B
  • Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
David, F H
  • Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
Tóth, F
  • Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
Ernst, N S
  • Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
Trumble, T N
  • Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Biomarkers
  • Collagen
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Horse Diseases
  • Horses
  • Osteoarthritis / veterinary
  • Tarsal Joints

Grant Funding

  • University of Minnesota Equine Center
  • Minnesota Agricultural Experimental

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Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Moravek M, Matejova J, Spakova T. Soluble and EV-Associated Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Knee Osteoarthritis Pathology and Detection. Life (Basel) 2023 Jan 27;13(2).
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  2. Torres-Torrillas M, Damiá E, Cerón JJ, Carrillo JM, Peláez P, Miguel L, Del Romero A, Rubio M, Sopena JJ. Treating Full Depth Cartilage Defects with Intraosseous Infiltration of Plasma Rich in Growth Factors: An Experimental Study in Rabbits. Cartilage 2021 Dec;13(2_suppl):766S-773S.
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  3. Chakrabarti S, Ai M, Henson FMD, Smith ESJ. Peripheral mechanisms of arthritic pain: A proposal to leverage large animals for in vitro studies. Neurobiol Pain 2020 Aug-Dec;8:100051.
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